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Information about the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) meeting, in Venice, Italy on September 3 to 6, 2008 is presented. During the event, participants identifies key questions, conducts systemic literature search and generate a bibliography of key subjects. After the discussion, definition and classification of cardio-renal syndromes are finalized.

The article offers information on the epidemiology of cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), presented during the 7th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) meeting, in Venice, Italy on September 3 to 6, 2008. It mentions that the ailment is characterized as the worsening of heart function resulting to acute kidney injury (AKI) and development of acute CRS. Various types of research, clinical recommendations and illnesses associated with CRS are also discussed.

Objective: Describe characteristics, daily care and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Design: Case series of 73 patients., Setting: Large tertiary hospital in Milan., Participants: Mechanically ventilated patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 20 February and 2 April 2020., Main Outcome Measures: Demographic and daily clinical data were collected to identify predictors of early mortality., Results: Of the 73 patients included in the study, most were male (83.6%), the median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54-69 years), and hypertension affected 52.9% of patients. Lymphocytopenia (median, 0.77 x 10 3 per mm 3 ; IQR, 0.58-1.00 x 10 3 per mm 3 ), hyperinflammation with C-reactive protein (median, 184.5 mg/dL; IQR, 108.2-269.1 mg/dL) and pro-coagulant status with D-dimer (median, 10.1 μg/m; IQR, 5.0-23.8 μg/m) were present. Median tidal volume was 6.7 mL/kg (IQR, 6.0-7.5 mL/kg), and median positive end-expiratory pressure was 12 cmH 2 O (IQR, 10-14 cmH 2 O). In the first 3 days, prone positioning (12-16 h) was used in 63.8% of patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in five patients (6.8%). After a median follow-up of 19.0 days (IQR, 15.0-27.0 days), 17 patients (23.3%) had died, 23 (31.5%) had been discharged from the ICU, and 33 (45.2%) were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = 0.004) and hypertension (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.75-29.11; P = 0.009) were associated with mortality, while early improvement in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ratio was associated with being discharged alive from the ICU ( P = 0.002 for interaction)., Conclusions: Despite multiple advanced critical care interventions, COVID-19 ARDS was associated with prolonged ventilation and high short term mortality. Older age and pre-admission hypertension were key mortality risk factors., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04318366.

A large number of patients develop acute renal failure in the intensive care unit and nephrology wards, and mortality remains high. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in our understanding and technical capabilities, but consensus over the optimal way to diagnose and treat acute renal failure does not exist. Consequently, a consensus conference under the auspices of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) has been held in Vicenza in the year 2002 after the previous conference held in New York in the year 2000. The ADQI aims at establishing an evidence-based appraisal and set of consensus recommendations to standardize care and direct further research. The first of these conferences held in June 2000 in New York focused on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The reports from this first consensus conference are now available online at www.ADQI.net and are also published in part in this issue. However, there remains a need for consensus in several other areas of acute renal failure. Acute renal failure has no accepted definition or rather there are over 30 definitions used in the literature and no consensus as to which one should be used. Studies designed to prevent or treat acute renal failure often use clinical and physiologic endpoints that are not comparable to other studies making it difficult to compare the results of one study to another. Finally, the success of multicentered clinical trials in supportive care in the intensive care unit (transfusion thresholds and ventilator management) have intensified and renewed interest in the study of supportive care methods as a major target for future research. These developments have set the stage for the first conference and have now driven the spirit of the second. Once again, the final objectives are the development of evidence-based guidelines and directions for future research., (Copyright 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.)