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Objectives: We describe the surgical details, results, and learning curve of a proposed technique for single-incision transaxillary robot-assisted thyroid surgery for early-stage thyroid cancer. Methods: We performed single-incision transaxillary robot-assisted total thyroidectomy with the da Vinci surgical system in 29 patients (5 male, 24 female; median age, 45 years; age range, 19 to 69 years) with papillary thyroid cancer (cTl NO) using our proposed technique with selected instrumentation. Preoperative ultrasound examination, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and contrast computed tomographic scanning were performed in all subjects. Ultrasound examination was carried out 1 month after surgery to assess the amount of residual thyroid tissue. Results: No procedure was converted to conventional open surgery. The mean total operation time was 178.51 ±24.18 minutes, and the mean console time was 126.10 ± 14.47 minutes. A progressive reduction of console time was noted ( 160 minutes for the first procedure versus 102 minutes for the last one). No cases of permanent hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, or postoperative bleeding occurred. The mean amount of postoperative residual thyroid tissue on ultrasound examination was 8.93 ± 2.15 mm. Conclusions: The single-incision transaxillary robot-assisted total thyroidectomy we propose is a feasible and relatively safe procedure in selected patients with early-stage thyroid cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]