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After a general outline on the syntaxonomical framework of the classPegano harmalae-Salsoletea vermiculataeBr.-Bl. & O. Bolos 1958, the occurrence of this vegetation in the Italian territory is examined. In Italy, this vegetation is mostly found on clayish or marly substrata, particularly if slightly enriched with nitrates and chlorides. With reference to the Rivas-Martínez bioclimatic classification, the Italian stands have an infra- to thermo-Mediterranean thermotype (marginally up to the meso-Mediterranean one) with dry or arid ombrotype. In particular, this vegetation is well represented in Sicily, while in Sardinia and along the Italian Peninsula, it progressively becomes more rare and localized. Altogether, 21 associations are recognized, 11 of which are described here for the first time. The surveyed associations are ascribed to the following alliances:Salsolo oppositifoliae-Suaedionmollis(linked to less disturbed and more thermo-xeric habitats) andArtemision arborescentis(more disturbed and less thermo-xeric habitats). Finally, some conservation issues are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]