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The article offers information on the association of translatio imperri concept of author Tertullian in the continuity of empires under the political traditions in Europe. It mentions Tertullian's work entitled "Apologeticum" which responds to the claims of pagans that accusses Christians as a threat for ancient Rome's destruction. It states that Tertuallian considers Christians as loyal subjects in an empire, establishing a political ideology on the survival and continuity of empires. It also discusses the naming of Byzantium or Constantinople as Second Rome and Moscow as the Third Rome, which was based on the translation imperii concept. The author adds that further analysis will be needed to demonstrate the conformance of modern age imperial ambitions with translation imperii ideology.

The Commentariolum petitionis written in 64 B.C. is the oldest campaign strategy document that has been preserved for us. In this handbook Quintus Tullius Cicero, younger brother of the most excellent orator of the Antiquity, Marcus Tullius Cicero, gives advice to his elder brother on how Marcus can win consul's elections, that is, how he can rise to the highest position of the Roman Republic. In the present paper Commentariolum will be analysed in detail examining the following aspects: the Antique genre commentary (I.); the issue of authorship of Commenthriolum (II.); the characterisation of the competitors, Antonius and Catilina, provided in Commentariolum (III.); the system of elections in Anciet Rome and the crime of election fraud/bribery, i.e. the crimen ambitus (IV.) and the role of associations and clients in Roman elections (V.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]