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Despite improvements in survival, cancer remains the leading cause of non-accidental death in children and adolescents, who risk receiving high-intensity end-of-life (HI-EOL) care., Objective: To analyse treatments for relapses (particularly in the last weeks of life), assess their impact on the EOL, identify patients most likely to receive HI-EOL care and examine whether palliative care services can contain the intensity of EOL care., Methods: This retrospective study involved patients treated at the paediatric oncology unit of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan who died between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was HI-EOL care, defined as: ≥1 session of intravenous chemotherapy <14 days before death; ≥1 hospitalisation in intensive care in the last 30 days of life and ≥1 emergency room admission in the last 30 days of life., Results: The study concerned 68 patients, and 17 had HI-EOL care. Patients given specific in-hospital treatments in the last 14 days of their life more frequently died in hospital. Those given aggressive EOL care were less likely to die at home or in the hospice. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours were more likely to have treatments requiring hospitalisation, and to receive HI-EOL care., Conclusion: These results underscore the importance of considering specific treatments at the EOL with caution. Treatments should be administered at home whenever possible.The early activation of palliative care, especially for fragile and complicated patients like those with CNS cancers, could help families cope with the many problems they face., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

This paper describes the complexity of the clinical management of foreign minors suffering from cancer, through the clinical experience of an Italian referral center. The study includes 50 patients less than 18 years (22% of the patients admitted to the unit in 2023), 32 foreigners who were Italian resident and 18 who had come to Italy specifically to receive cancer treatment. Patients who migrate for healthcare reasons often arrive at the referral center with advanced disease or relapse. Numerous socio-cultural issues were reported. To address them, specific strategies were implemented to ensure equal and high-quality care for all patients, respecting their needs., (© 2024 The Author(s). Pediatric Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background and Aims: Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, many pediatric oncology centers welcomed evacuated patients. To better understanding the needs of patients and families arriving at two Lombardy hospitals in the period March to November 2022, an anonymous questionnaire investigated the families' backgrounds, feelings, and impressions about hospitality and care., Methods: Twenty questions investigated how patients had reached Italy, from whom they had received help (logistically/financially); the emotions regarding their status as war refugees; the knowledge, expectations, and opinions about Italy and Italians; the quality of medical care received and the relationships with the healthcare staff; lastly, suggestions to improve assistance., Results: The questionnaires were completed by 19/32 patients/parents in November 2022 in two different pediatric-oncology centers. Most families had reached Italy (58%) and received medical care (95%) with the help of charities and the Italian Public Health Care System. A significant majority (69%) expressed satisfaction with the assistance provided. The Italian population demonstrated remarkable warmth, for 95% exhibiting friendliness and for 58% generosity. An improvement in their stay could be linked with the positive outcome of their children's cancer (15%), achieving complete family reunification (15%), the cessation of the conflict (10%), and the overcoming of language barriers (10%)., Conclusions: Providing care for children from another country, not only grappling with the trauma of fleeing their homeland but also battling cancer, is an immense undertaking. It demands a diverse range of efforts and resources to ensure a positive and fulfilling outcome for this experience., (© 2024 The Authors. Pediatric Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in Italy, in particular in the Milan focal point, required drastic measures and led to panic in the population. While in our center we did not change our approach to the treatment of our young patients with cancer, we developed a qualitative survey to assess their perception of the risk and level of stress. The survey showed that a relatively large proportion of young patients felt personally at risk of severe complications. We believe that we need to adequately inform our patients, focusing on hygienic measures and personal protection and prompt reporting of any suspicious symptoms., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Aims and Background: Chest wall reconstruction after surgical resection for malignancies in children is a challenge for surgeons because of growth-related complications. The aim of this study is to analyze the surgical treatment and outcomes of 30 pediatric and adolescent patients treated at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy, over a 30-year period., Methods: Pediatric patients undergoing chest wall resection were retrospectively reviewed and selected for malignant primary tumor. Endpoints were survival, recurrences, and long-term results. We also reported the use of the innovative rib-like technique in 2 young patients., Results: Twenty-one patients were male. Median age was 13.7 years. Eleven patients (37%) presented with a chest wall mass. Twenty-six (87%) had Ewing sarcoma family tumors. Twenty-eight (94%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy after histologic diagnosis. One rib was resected in 13 cases; 2 or 3 contiguous ribs in 8 cases. No postoperative mortality was observed and the complication rate was 40%. Overall survival was 85.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.2%-94.2%) at 5 and 10 years. Relapse occurred in 7 patients. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 82% (95% CI 62%-92%)., Conclusions: Long-term survival is achievable for chest wall tumors in a high-volume referral center where a multimodal treatment should be set to reach the best result. As advances in medical treatment have increased survival, surgical techniques must ensure a lasting functional result. When refining the reconstruction techniques, such as the rib-like approach, it is necessary to expand the options of curative surgery for young patients.