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The Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Strasbourg played an eminent role in the development and international spread of pharmacology between 1872 and 1918. In this article, genealogy and biographies of key players are documented. Unfortunately, lack of data did not permit the complete biographical description of all scientists. Oswald Schmiedeberg played a decisive role in the global establishment of pharmacology, having trained most of the professors of his time. From Strasbourg, pharmacology spread into many countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Norway, the UK, and the USA. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg played a major role in the establishment of both academic pharmacology and the modern pharmaceutical industry. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg also mirrors the history of Germany and France and the Nazi period., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)