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Abstract: In order to promote the use of Pinus pinea L. wood within the Migliarino-San Rossore Nature Reserve (Pisa, central Italy), three low-environmental-impact wood treatments, supposed to enhance natural durability, were compared. Impregnations with an oil-based preservative and natural waxes and a wood thermal treatment were tested in the field in accordance with standards ENV 12037 and EN 252. The above-ground test revealed that: P. pinea sapwood is more durable than Pinus sylvestris sapwood; all the alternative treatments showed a low mean decay level; wax and oil treatments performed as well as the traditional copper-based preservative; the natural durability class of P. pinea will only be calculated upon the complete failure of all reference lap-joints. The main outcomes from the in-ground test were: All the tested treatments increased the durability of wood, and the protective effectiveness of alternative treatments was comparable to traditional copper-based ones, or even superior in the case of heated oil. Taking certain mechanical and aesthetic limitations into account, all the treatments were suitable for the promotion of the P. pinea wood commodity in use classes 3 and 4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]