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Entrepreneurship development is central to socio-economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In the case of India, it is a stated national policy to promote startups and kindle the entrepreneurial spirit among the youth. Else, there is a risk of the demographic dividend becoming a liability. Several states in India have made remarkable progress in this domain resulting in an established ecosystem for entrepreneurship development and support. Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost region in the nation, also needs to emulate such successful models while leveraging government policies designed to support entrepreneurship. This exploratory study therefore examines the attitudes and perception of students in higher technical education towards entrepreneurship and choosing it as a career option. We conclude that government agencies, technical institutions, universities, schools, industry, and professional bodies need to come together with a viable action plan based around awareness, customized programs, deep engagement, handholding, mentoring and support for young students to see real outcomes on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical profile of the essential oils of three Eucalyptus species viz. Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus lanceolatus and Eucalyptus globulus was determined by GC-MS. Seventeen components were identified in E. globulus oil, among them p-cymene (31.88%), eucalyptol (17.47%), a-pinene (17.18%), were the major components. Major components of E. lanceolatus oil were p-cymene (54.75%), eucalyptol (18.88%) and β-phellandrene (18.86%) and four major monoterpenes compounds viz., Isopulegol (51.12%), β-citronellal (29.15%), L-isopulegol (11.49%) and citronellyl acetate (5.77%) were identified in E. citriodora oil. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated against seven bacterial and three plant pathogenic fungal strains. E. citriodora oil inhibited the growth of all the test bacterial strains with the significant inhibition against Pseudomonas alcaligenes (23±0.73 mm) and also showed potential antifungal activity especially against Alternaria alternata (IC value 0.16±0.012%). E. lanceolatus essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (33±0.97 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (27±0.69 mm) and also possesses moderate antioxidant activity (IC value 534±9.31 µg/ml) in DPPH system. E. citriodora and E. globulus showed negligible radical scavenging activity. Cytotoxic potential of the E. citriodora oil was found maximum against breast (T 47D) and prostrate (PC-3) cancer cell lines with 86% and 76% growth inhibitions, respectively. The present study emphasizes that E. citriodora essential oil is a potential inhibitor of different bacterial and fungal strains and also possesses significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, whereas of E. lanceolatus essential oil is a noteworthy free radical scavenger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is scarcity of Indian studies as far as the renal spectrum in HIV is concerned and there is no data regarding the detection of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in HIV positive patients in Jammu region. The present prospective study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of 1 year on 108 HIV/AIDS patients, out of which 71% were males and 29% females with a male:female ratio of 2.48:1. Highest incidence of HIV/AIDS (55.56%) was found in the age group of 26-35 years. Microalbuminuria was present in 21% HIV patients with majority (60.87%) being in the age group 26-35 years. Prevalence of microalbuminuria among males was 65.22% and among females 34.78% with 83% patients having microalbuminuria/urinary creatinine ratio of >10 mg/mmol and 17% having this ratio <10 mg/mmol. There was a significant correlation between CD4 count <200/ l and presence of microalbuminuria (p = 0.01). Significant proteinuria (0.15- 3 g/24 hour) was found in only 3 of those patients found positive for microalbuminuria. No patients had protein/creatinine ratio >3.5 (nephrotic range). Nephropathy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive patients. Use of microalbuminuria as a routine screening test in those who are HIV positive is recommended. Simple tests, like microalbuminuria, if applied in these patients in the very screening phase can help benefit the patients for years to come thereby helping in fighting the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in a better and a stronger way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs due to traumatic events. The last two decades have seen various traumatic events in Kashmiri population, which has led to psychological impact on all population, especially children. PTSD is one of the psychiatric disorders occurring after witnessing of traumatic events. A review of literature regarding PTSD in children of Kashmir (India) has been done to assess the prevalence, causes, neurobiology, risk factors and psychiatric co morbidity associated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The gene of tryptophan hydroxylase is widely recognized as a major candidate gene in many psychiatric disorders. However, no study has been done which investigates tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphism in anxiety and depressive disorders in Kashmiri population (India). Objectives: To study tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) C 11993 A gene polymorphism in anxiety and depressive disorders. Method: Sixty patients of depression disorder, 60 patients of anxiety disorder and 40 unrelated healthy volunteers (control) were studied in a case control design. Polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis after digestion with HAP II enzyme. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared using Chi-square tests, Fischer's exact test, odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (C.I) and p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistical significant. Results: The mean age ± SD of anxiety, depression and control group was 32.73±10.99, 32.20±10 and 29.75±10.12 respectively and the difference was found to be statistically non significant (p=0.349).The mean HAM-A (Hamilton rating scale for anxiety) score and HAM-D (Hamilton rating scale for depression) score was high in both groups (anxiety and depression) and found to be statistically significant (p=0.001).Depression group had AA genotype (55.2%) than control (37.5%) and was found to be statistically non significant (p=0.890).Comparison of allelic frequency revealed no association of A allele in anxiety group (76.67%) compared with control (75.5%) and was found to be statistically non significant (p= 0.866), OR 1.09 (0.56-2.11). Conclusion: TPH2C 11993 A gene was not found to be associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder in Kashmiri population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]