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Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI. Methods: The study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index subdatabases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, cokeywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain. Results: The bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," "Neurobiology of Aging," "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience," and other geriatricsrelated journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding voters' conception of ideological labels is critical for political behavioral research. Conventional research designs have several limitations, such as endogeneity, insufficient responses to open-ended questions, and inseparability of composite treatment effects. To address these challenges, we propose a conjoint experiment to study the meanings ascribed to ideological labels in terms of policy positions. We also suggest using a mixture model approach to explore heterogeneity in voters' understandings of ideological labels, as well as the average interpretation of labels. We applied these approaches to conceptions of left–right labels in Japan, where the primary issue of elite-level conflicts has been distinctive compared with other developed countries. We found that, on average, while Japanese voters understand policy-related meanings of "left" and "right," they primarily associate these labels with security and nationalism, and, secondarily, with social issues; they do not associate these labels with economic issues. Voters' understandings partly depend on their birth cohort, but observed patterns do not necessarily coincide with what many researchers would predict regarding generational differences in Japanese politics. Mixture model results suggest that some individuals tend to associate left–right labels with security and nationalism policies, while others link them to social policies. Over one-third of respondents seemed to barely understand the usage of left–right labels in policy positions. Our study improves upon existing methods for measuring voter understanding of ideological labels, and reconfirm the global diversity of meanings associated with left–right labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to bring various changes in people's lives. Such expected changes in life may affect people's decisions on the ownership of privately-owned AVs (PAVs) and even future travel demand structure. However, such effects remained unclear due to the lack of relevant studies. By targeting young people, this study fills this research gap by implementing a nation-wide expectation and stated preference (SP) survey in Japan, by comparing with older people. In the survey, respondents first reported their expected changes in life caused by AVs and then chose the most preferred vehicle from a choice set with three types of PAVs (conditional, high, and full automation) and a conventional car. The survey was implemented in 2016 and 3,006 valid SP responses were collected from 1,002 respondents (417 are young people). It is found that young people expected more changes in life and are more likely to choose PAVs with high and full automation than older people, which is consistent with the reported willingness-to-pay. By estimating a mixed logit model with panel data, it is revealed that expected changes in life affect the two age groups' choices of PAVs. There are more inconsistent influences of expected changes in life between the two groups than consistent influences, suggesting the presence of age-related structural differences of responses to future expectations. Diverse responses to future expectations are revealed, which policy implications are discussed. The findings support a life-oriented paradigm shift of travel behavior research and cross-sectoral transport policymaking and future sustainable society design. • Young and older people respond to expected changes in life in an opposite way, mostly. • Expected increases in in-vehicle activities could promote the ownership of AVs. • Influences of young people's expected changes in life differ across types of AVs. • Expected relocation to suburbs does not necessarily encourage the ownership of AVs. • Using AV as a moving home/office/hotel does not affect the ownership of advanced AVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been long believed that the Japanese are typical collectivists whereas Americans are typical individualists. To examine the validity of this common view, we formerly reviewed 15 empirical studies that compared Japanese and Americans regarding individualism/collectivism (I/C), and found that the overwhelming majority of those studies had not supported the common view (Takano & Osaka,). In this follow‐up, we reviewed 20 additional empirical studies (7 behavioral studies, 13 questionnaire studies), most of which had been published after the former review. When combined with the formerly reviewed 15 studies, 19 studies reported no clear difference, and 11 studies reported that Japanese were more individualistic than Americans. These 30 studies are inconsistent with the common view. Only 5 studies supported the common view, even when we included 3 studies whose validity was questionable. After it was formerly found that the common view was not supported empirically, a variety of alternative accounts were presented regarding the reason for this finding. We examined three major accounts in light of the reviewed studies and found that none of them was congruent with the empirical data. Thus, it seems to be reasonable to conclude that the common view is not valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have reported that behavioral activation is an effective intervention for depression. The behavioral activation model is based on several formulations. For example, depressive mood leads to avoidant behaviors, avoidance negatively affects social contacts, decreased socialization lessens opportunities for positive reinforcement, and a decrease in positive reinforcement results in more depressive mood. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among avoidant behavior, social contact, frequency of positive reinforcement, and depressive mood by using structural equation modeling to assess support for aspects of this behavioral activation model. Participants were 630 Japanese undergraduate students and vocational school students. Results provided preliminary support for the model. Treating both avoidance and activating behavior might contribute to decreased impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study which explores the behaviour of Kawaguchi residents in Japan following the Chuetsu earthquake in 2004. The study indicates the differences in the residents' behaviour and organization, as well the existence of clustered communities with unique characteristics according to their location. Furthermore, it cites the influence of cultural and cognitive variables such as tradition, perception and sensations on individual's ability to react during the seismic event.

Abstract: Adolescents with decreased impulse control exhibit behavioral problems. Lifestyles are related to impulse control. However, the relations of sleep patterns and impulse control among adolescents are unknown. Thus we examined how sleep patterns were associated with impulse control among Japanese junior high school students. Surveys were completed by a nationwide sample of 1934 students. A significant association between decreased impulse control and bedtimes after midnight was revealed. Specific lifestyle factors related to bedtimes after midnight were older age, greater numbers of hours spent watching television, lack of participation in an extracurricular activity, greater use of convenience stores, and increased attendance at cram schools. This study revealed that going to sleep after midnight was significantly related to decreased impulse control among adolescents. Data about specific lifestyle factors related to going to sleep after midnight should be useful in preventing those behaviors demonstrated by school children that derive from decreased impulse control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify animal vision, biochemical, anatomical–histological, neurophysiological and behavioral research using horses, cows, sheep, pigs, and deer have been conducted. Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) have caused severe problems in Japan and many devices and repellents that use visual, auditory, and olfactory senses became commercially available to scare away deer from agricultural fields or rail tracks. Development of effective damage mitigation strategies needs more understanding of the senses of deer, especially visual. Ungulates, including sika deer, are dichromatic, with both S- and M-cones; however, the color vision of deer has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study was undertaken to understand the color vision characteristics of sika deer. We evaluated their ability to distinguish between various color combinations. Three captive sika deer were trained in a color discrimination experiment using a two-choice discrimination apparatus. The positive stimulus was always 5B6/8 (blue), and the following six colors were used as negative stimuli: white, 5Y6/8 (yellow), 10G6/8 (green), 10BG6/8 (blue–green), 5RP6/8 (red–purple), and 5BP6/8 (blue–purple) based on the dichromatic color vision confused colors chart. All deer could distinguish blue from white, yellow, and green. No deer could distinguish between blue and red–purple or blue–purple. Some deer could distinguish blue from blue–green, depending on the individual. Humans with protanopia confuse blue with red–purple or blue–purple, so these results suggest that the color vision characteristics of sika deer are similar to those of humans with protanopia. This is the first report discussing the findings of color combinations that are easily visible to deer. • Two-color discrimination tests were performed on sika deer. • Sika deer could not distinguish blue from red–purple and blue–purple. • Sika deer and humans with protanopia have similar color vision characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the implications of the disagreement behavior among older people with dementia in day rehabilitation in Japan. The study focuses on the idea that these people express disagreement behavior when they perceive uncontrollable stimuli and when these stimuli make them anxious. This was conducted to identify the relationship of dementia to aggressive and agitated behaviors. The embodied language was used to identify behavioral messages.

Over the past 30 years, environment and behavior research in Japan has paralleled the international growth of the field. Unfortunately, despite noteworthy periodic efforts to cross-culturally bridge language barriers between English- and Japanese-speaking researchers, public policy makers, planning and design practitioners, and students specializing in this subject area, significant communication obstacles persist. In response, a literature review is presented of recent research in Japan on the subject of environment and aging. The review spans a 17-year period (1985-2002). The objective is to enhance international communication, stimulate collaborative work, and foster appreciation of the broad parameters of the dramatic trends in aging occurring globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revised version of the Type A Behavior Assessment Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory short version were administered to 104 university students. The former scale has three subscales, Impatience and Hostile Speech Style, Achievement Striving and Job Commitment, and Time Urgency. The latter scale has three subscales, Need for Attention and Praise, Sense of Superiority, and Competence and Self-assertion. Analysis gave a total of five significant correlations between the subscales of the two questionnaires; Impatience and Hostile Speech Style of Type A is positively correlated with scores on two subscales of the narcissism measure, Need for Attention and Praise, Self-assertion, and Achievement Striving and Job Commitment of Type A is positively correlated with scores on all three subscales of the narcissism measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Office workers spend up to two-thirds of their working hours sitting and are less physically active than other occupational groups. It is necessary to develop an effective approach to promote physical activity among office workers. We conducted a focus group interview with seven Japanese office workers to investigate the current status (topic 1) of, and their opinions on (topic 2), physical activity promotion programs in their workplace. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis. We classified the data from topic 1 into individual, socio-cultural, physical, and organizational environments. Most participants indicated that they spent a lot of time sitting and needed programs for a wide range of corresponding employee demands. We classified the data from topic 2 into capability, opportunity, and motivation. Most participants indicated that they wanted evidence-based information, a standing desk, and a conducive workplace environment to enhance physical activity. Thus, we proposed a comprehensive and multi-component approach comprising individual (information delivery), socio-cultural environment (team building, supportive atmosphere), physical environment (standing desk, use of poster), and organizational (incentive, encouraging message from an executive, workplace policy) strategies. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of this proposal.

Noriko Tada, an Ombuds in Japan with Guidea, shares her thoughts on workplace bullying in the light of the results of a recent Japanese survey on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]