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Borehole logs are important geospatial data for understanding subsurface geological and geotechnical conditions. Recently, many borehole logs in urban areas have been open to the public on the Internet in machine-readable file format. However, a few simple methods allow us to construct a voxel model of geological and geotechnical characteristics with high objectivity of the modeling process. Our work aims to develop a simple method that facilitates the use of open borehole logs in geological and geotechnical investigations in urban areas. In this paper, we propose a voxel modeling method of geotechnical data using the machine-readable open borehole logs. The method is designed to construct voxel models of lithofacies and standard penetration test results by stacking a series of horizontal two-dimensional grid data that are created by natural neighbor interpolation using geotechnical data stored in borehole logs at regular elevation intervals. A test calculation to evaluate the proposed method was performed using a large number of borehole logs in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. Results confirmed that the proposed method not only allows us to ensure the objectivity of the modeling process but also provides a good overview of the three-dimensional distribution pattern of the subsurface geotechnical characteristics without any setting of complicated calculation parameters. In conclusion, the proposed method improves the efficiency of geological analyses, such as stratigraphic correlation using borehole logs, and facilitates the use of open borehole logs in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical market in Japan is the largest in Asia by value. ICH comprises three developed regions namely USA, Europe, and Japan. Though majority of regulations are harmonized, Japan’s regulations are yet less explored compared to USA and Europe perhaps due to language barriers. Sharing of vital technological information to the drug product manufacturer remains a cause of concern to the manufacturers of ingredients and packaging components. Master files are voluntary vehicles for conveying product and manufacturing information from suppliers and contractors directly to regulators to support new drug and biologic product review, and may have open and closed sections. The latter contains confidential information for regulator’s reference. Japan has master file systems that accommodate a broader range of drug and components like packaging materials. Japan added a master file system similar to the US model by updating its regulatory process under the 2005 Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. The accreditation of manufacturing facility is one of the very unique features of master file system as unlike US and Europe, for Japan facility approval process starts well before the submission of the actual drug master file. The stability requirements involve more sample analysis compared to the other international regulatory compliance requirements. Point has to be noted that data equivalent to module 2 of common technical document and application form are required to be translated in Japanese language. However, the quality section (module 3) can be submitted in English language. Understanding of master file system is important for companies entering into the Japanese market. The master file system of Japan is discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the impact of the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011 on the political strength of file format as a kind of social structure that limits the agents' action. It discusses the vital part of data provision in achieving the transparency of the government, which is often required by administrative law. It also mentions the issuance of a memorandum to the Japan Economic Federation on March 30, 2011 regarding the formats of data provision. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), which monitors radiation levels in all parts of Japan, has also been providing its monitoring results in Excel format only after April 14.

Reports that the National Diet Library (NDL) in Japan has purchased the entire Web of Science® content file, whose archives date back to 1945. Information on the Web of Science; Components of the complete version of the content file; Background on the NDL.