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This article argues that gender and youth emerged as the most significant markers of different colonial experiences among Taiwanese during wartime mobilization, while ethnic and class lines became blurry toward the end of the war. Children and youth of both genders served as an important source of labor at home. To maintain legitimacy, the state reinforced gender roles and expanded women's gender-specific roles. The article complicates the nationalist-collaborator narrative of wartime China by illustrating the multiple ways in which the colonial state coerced cooperation from colonized peoples of all ages, genders, and classes, regardless of whether or not they were loyal to the Japanese state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]