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The Super DIOS project, which is an improved version of DIOS (Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor), is one of the candidates for Japan's future scientific satellites, to be launched after 2030. The main scientific objective of the project is to unravel the flow of energy and metal cycles at various scales from galaxies, galaxy clusters to the warm-hot intergalactic medium along the Cosmic Web. The primary goal is the quantification of baryons, especially the unidentified "dark baryons". Super DIOS will have a wide field of view of ∼ 1 degree, with an angular resolution of ∼ 15 arcseconds and high energy resolution ( E / d E > 1000 ). The detector will be a 30 kilo-pixel array of Transition Edge sensor (TES) with a micro-wave SQUID multiplexer read-out system. In this paper, we report on the scientific concept of Super DIOS and the status of its newly developed technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to evaluate whether potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increase the risk for adverse clinical outcomes including falls, emergency department (ED) visits and unplanned hospitalizations in older Japanese patients with chronic diseases, comparing the difference between patients with and without polypharmacy., Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in a Japanese outpatient primary care clinic. Baseline data was collected from January to March 2016. A total of 740 patients aged ≥65 years with chronic diseases were enrolled and were followed up at 1 year; falls, ED visits and unplanned hospitalizations were recorded. A questionnaire and review of the patients' medical records were used to collect information regarding sociodemographic status, comorbidities and medication prescriptions. PIMs were defined using the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria version 2. Using logistic regression analysis, the incidence of falls, and ED visits and hospitalizations were compared between patients with and without PIMs, stratifying by number of prescriptions: those with five or more prescriptions and those with fewer than five prescriptions., Results: PIMs were identified in 32.3% of enrolled patients. After stratification by number of prescriptions, PIMs were significantly associated with falls in the group with polypharmacy (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.11-3.69). This association was not seen in the group without polypharmacy. PIMs were not associated with ED visits or hospitalizations at the 1-year follow up upon multivariate analysis., Conclusions: The combination of PIMs and polypharmacy might increase the risk of falls, therefore clinicians need to pay attention to both PIMs and polypharmacy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1064-1070., (© 2018 Japan Geriatrics Society.)

Background: The use of dietary supplements and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is increasing, and there is adequate concern about potential harmful effects. However, there are limited reports on the concurrent use of nonprescription medications with prescription medications in elderly patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the use of dietary supplements and OTC drugs, and to identify predictors for their use in elderly patients using medications prescribed for chronic diseases., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 729 patients aged ≥65 years with chronic diseases, between January and March 2016. Data regarding socio-demographic status, medical condition, number of prescriptions, use of nonprescription medications, and psychological status were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and by review of medical records. Data regarding use of dietary supplements and OTC drugs were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate factors associated with the use of dietary supplements and OTC drugs., Results: The regular use of nonprescription drugs was reported by 32.5% of patients. Vitamins were the most commonly used dietary supplements in elderly patients. Female sex, higher educational qualifications, and good economic status were identified as predictors for the use of nonprescription medications. Concurrent use of nonprescription medications with more than 5 prescription medications was detected in 12.2% of participants. The disclosure rate of the use of nonprescription medications by patients to the physician was 30.3%., Conclusion: The use of dietary supplements and OTC drugs was common in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and its use is associated with sex, education, and economic status. General practitioners (GPs) need to recognize the potential use of nonprescription medications, considering that polypharmacy was common and disclosure rate was low in this study.