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Purpose: To clarify the role of Trp64Arg polymorphisms of the gene encoding the β 3 -adrenoceptor for lower urinary tract function in males, the present study investigated the association between the Trp64Arg polymorphisms and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and function., Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Before surgery, blood samples were collected, and analyses of β 3 -adrenoceptor gene polymorphism were performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The present cohort was divided into patients with wild type (Trp64Trp) and with variant type (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg), and LUTS and lower urinary tract function before surgery were compared between them., Results: Wild type was found in 247 patients, with variant type in 129. There were no significant differences in LUTS between the two groups. Residual urine volume (PVR) (wild type: variant type = 47 ± 53 mL: 58 ± 77 mL, P = 0.04) and voiding time on uroflowmetry (wild type: variant type = 29 ± 15 s: 33 ± 17 s, P = 0.04) were significantly increased in the variant type., Conclusion: The Trp64Arg variant of the β 3 -adrenoceptor gene significantly increased PVR and voiding time in men. However, it was not significantly associated with the emergence of LUTS. Thus, since the effect of β 3 -adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms on the genitourinary organs might be weak, whether men possess the Trp64Arg variant of the β 3 -adrenoceptor gene might not critically affect urinary quality of life, but modestly affect the lower urinary tract function., (© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)