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Introduction: The ICD is being revised for its 11th revision, and empirical efforts are being made to assess the use of the ICD-10 and how it can be improved. Aims: Our aim was to investigate the use of the ICD-10 in Japan, which is to be presented in comparison to its use at a global level. Objectives: 1) We investigated the frequency of use and the perceived importance of every diagnostic category in the ICD-10. 2) We asked about more specific issues that were being debated at that time, e.g. incorporation of disability component, approaches to the high rate of NOS and co-morbidity. Methods: 1) 80 university-based hospitals and 147 councilors of the Japanese Society for Psychiatric Diagnosis (JSPD) were contacted for participation, of which 49 (61%) and 53 (36%) responded respectively. 2) 452 members of the JSPD and 80 chief professors from every department of psychiatry were contacted and 245 individuals in total responded (46%). Results: 1) “Unspecified” and “other” items were generally neither used frequently nor considered as important. Other trends pertaining to more specific diagnostic categories were also observed. 2) Overall psychiatrists in Japan appeared to be conservative about radical changes, and they tended to accept NOS and co-morbidity cases as a necessary condition for operational diagnosis instead of a flaw of the classification system itself. Conclusions: The results presented here come from Japan only, but they can be informative in further investigating issues related to diagnosis and classification elsewhere as well as globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Photoproduction of the from the deuteron and the carbon nucleus has been investigated at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University in Sendai. The Neutral Kaon Spectrometer and the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 were developed to detect pairs coming from the decay of the . The resulting momentum spectra for inclusive photoproduction were compared with theoretical calculations based on isobar models for , utilizing the spectator hypothesis. An upgrade of the inner detectors to enhance the acceptance for the coincidence measurement of the and Λ is underway. We expect that the exclusive and kinematically complete measurement of the reaction will provide us with direct access to the center-of-mass observables that are important for further understanding the mechanism for strangeness photoproduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of radioiodine therapy (RIT) for juvenile Graves disease (GD) and the ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid gland., Methods: All of 117 juvenile patients (25 males and 92 females, aged 10 to 18 [median 16] years) who had undergone RIT for GD at our clinic between 1999 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each RIT session was delivered on an outpatient basis. The maximum 131 I dose per treatment was 13.0 mCi, and the total 131 I dose per patient was 3.6 to 29.8 mCi (median, 13.0 mCi). 131 I administration was performed once in 89 patients, twice in 26, and three times in 2 patients. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was regularly performed after RIT. The duration of follow-up after the initial RIT ranged from 4 to 226 (median 95) months., Results: At the latest follow-up more than 12 months after RIT (n = 111), the patients' thyroid functions were overt hypothyroidism (91%), subclinical hypothyroidism (2%), normal (5%), or subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%). New thyroid nodules were detected in 9 patients, 4 to 17 years after initial RIT. Patients with newly detected thyroid nodules underwent RIT with lower doses of 131 I and had larger residual thyroid volumes than those without nodules. None of the patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer or other malignancies during the follow-up period., Conclusion: Over a median follow-up period of 95 months (range, 4 to 226 months), RIT was found to be effective and safe in juvenile GD. However, cumulative evidence from further studies is required to confirm the long-term safety of RIT for juvenile GD., Abbreviations: ATD = antithyroid drug; GD = Graves disease; KI = potassium iodide; LT4 = levothyroxine; MMI = methimazole; PTU = propylthiouracil; RAIU = radio-active iodine uptake; RIT = radioiodine therapy; 99m Tc = technetium-99m; TSH = thyrotropin., (© 2020 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Published by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the rationales of mental health professionals (mainly psychiatrists and psychologists) from 8 countries for removing specific diagnostic categories from mental disorders classification systems., Method: As part of a larger study, 505 participants indicated which of 60 major disorders should be omitted from mental disorders classification systems and provided rationales. Rationale statements were analyzed using inductive content analysis., Results: The majority of clinicians (60.4%) indicated that 1 or more disorders should be removed. The most common rationales were (a) problematic boundaries between normal and psychopathological conditions (45.9% of total removal recommendations), (b) problematic boundaries among mental disorders (25.4%), and (c) problematic boundaries between mental and physical disorders (24.0%). The categories most frequently recommended for deletion were gender identity disorder, sexual dysfunction, and paraphilias, usually because clinicians viewed these categories as being based on stigmatization of a way of being and behaving. A range of neurocognitive disorders were described as better conceptualized as nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Results were analyzed by country and country income level. Although gender identity disorder was the category most frequently recommended for removal overall, clinicians from Spain, India, and Mexico were most likely to do so and clinicians from Nigeria and Japan least likely, probably because of social and systemic factors that vary by country. Systematic differences in removal rationales by country income level may be related to the development, structure, and functioning of health systems., Conclusion: Implications for development and dissemination of the classification of mental and behavioral disorders in WHO's ICD-11 are discussed., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

I overviewed the draft of the linear structure (22nd May, 2013) of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Eleventh Revision. In this draft, sleep and sexual disorders were not included in mental and behavioural disorders. The World Health Organization decided not to regard them as mental disorders. The primary classification of neurocognitive disorders was also not included in mental and behavioural disorders. In the draft of the linear structure, 25 major categories were classified: neurodevelopmental disorders, disorders of speech and language, schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders, catatonia, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety and fear-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, disorders specifically associated with stress, dissociative disorders, bodily distress disorders, and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere, feeding and eating disorders, elimination disorders, substance intoxication, harmful use of substances, substance dependence, substance withdrawal syndrome, substance-induced mental and behavioural disorders, impulse control disorders, disruptive behaviour and dissocial disorders, disorders of personality, paraphilic disorders, factitious disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and mental and behavioural disorders associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere. I also introduced the Global Clinical Practice Network (GCPN), which is now being organized by the WHO to carry out field studies for the ICD-11. Over 700 members of the Japanese Society for Psychiatry and Neurology (JSPN) have registered in the GCPN. The ICD-11 committee of the JSPN is very actively building the GCPN and revising the ICD.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was isolated from the cerebrum of a calf which showed severe neurological symptoms in late September 2009, and the JEV isolate was revealed to be of genotype 1. This is the first report describing the isolation of genotype 1 JEV from cattle.

This preliminary study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Its test-retest reliability and internal consistency were found acceptable. Factor analysis of the ASI yielded 4 anxiety-related factors: factor I is heart/lung failure concern; factor II, psychological concern; factor III, physical concern; and factor IV, social concern. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the ASI score significantly correlated only with the neuroticism-related category of the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised. The ASI mean scores of those with 5 or more according to the General Health Questionnaire (unhealthy) and those with 16 or more according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depressive Scale (depression) were significantly higher than in the healthy and nondepressive groups. Although further research is necessary to confirm the construct validity by factor analysis of the ASI, the Japanese version of the ASI is applicable for use in the Japanese population.

The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) was developed to assess 18 personality traits that provide a systematic representation of personality disorder. This study investigates the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the DAPP-BQ and the relationship between the DAPP-BQ and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in a heterogeneous general population sample (n = 1485). Internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and test-retest reliability over a 3-week period was satisfactory for all scales. Factor analysis yielded 4 factors labeled "emotional dysregulation," "dissocial behavior," "inhibition," and "compulsivity" that accounted for 76.0% of the total variance. Subsequently, we investigated the relationships between the 18 dimensions and the 5 dimensions of the NEO-PI-R in a second heterogeneous general population sample (n = 717). Combined factor analysis of the 2 scales again yielded 4 factors accounting for 70.4% of the total variance. Finally, we used multiple regression analyses to examine the extent to which the 5 NEO-PI-R scales could be used to predict individual DAPP-BQ scales. These indicated that the NEO-PI-R does not have content that covers some DAPP-BQ dimensions, especially conduct problems, narcissism, and stimulus seeking.