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The incompatible element signatures of volcanic rocks forming Jeju Island, located at the eastern margin of the Asian continent, are identical to those of typical intraplate magmas. The source of these volcanic rocks may be a mantle plume, located immediately behind the SW Japan arc. Jeju plume magmas can be divided into three series, based on major and trace element abundances: high-alumina alkalic, low-alumina alkalic, and sub-alkalic. Mass-balance calculations indicate that the compositional variations within each magma series are largely governed by fractional crystallization of three chemically distinct parental magmas. The compositions of primary magmas for these series, using inferred residual mantle olivine compositions, suggest that the low-alumina alkalic and sub-alkalic magmas are generated at the deepest and shallowest depths by lowest and highest degrees of melting, respectively. These estimates, together with systematic differences in trace element and isotopic compositions, indicate that the upper mantle beneath Jeju Island is characterized by an increased degree of metasomatism and a change in major metasomatic hydrous minerals from amphibole to phlogopite with decreasing depth. The original plume material, having rather depleted geochemical characteristics, entrained shallower metasomatized uppermost mantle material, and segregated least-enriched low-alumina alkalic, moderately enriched high-alumina alkalic, and highly enriched sub-alkalic magmas, with decreasing depth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aim: To assess the accuracy of a new magnifying endoscopy (ME) classification for predicting depth of invasion of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC)., Methods: This study included a total of 70 lesions in 69 patients with SESCC who underwent ME with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) before resection from August 2010 to July 2016. Accuracy of ME-NBI for predicting depth of invasion of SESCC was analyzed by using a new ME classification proposed by the Japan Esophageal Society (JES), and interobserver agreement was assessed., Results: Overall accuracy of ME-NBI for estimating depth of invasion of SESCC was 78.6%. Sensitivity and specificity of type B1 for tumors limited to the epithelial layer (m1) or invading into the lamina propria (m2) were 71.4% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of type B2 for tumors invading into the muscularis mucosa (m3) or superficial submucosa (≤ 200 μm, sm1) were 94.4% and 73.1%, respectively, while those of type B3 for tumors invading into the deep submucosa (> 200 μm, sm2) were 75.0% and 97.8%, respectively. Interobserver agreement was excellent (κ = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.95)., Conclusion: The recently developed JES ME classification is useful for predicting depth of invasion of SESCC, with reliable interobserver agreement., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interests.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment and prognosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) according to the 7th UICC/AJCC tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system and the modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk classification. The study cohort consisted of 1057 patients with gastric GIST who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2007 from 13 institutions in Korea and 2 in Japan. Clinicopathologic characteristics, surgical outcomes, recurrence, and 5-year recurrence-free survival were evaluated.The mean age of the patients was 58.6 years. Thirty patients (2.8%) had distant metastasis preoperatively. Median tumor size was 4.0 cm. Complete resection (R0 resection) was achieved in 1018 patients (96.3%). Eighty-six patients (8.1%) had postoperative complications, and 2 patients (0.2%) died within 30 days after surgery. According to the 7th UICC/AJCC TNM system, 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 95% to 99% in stage I, 94.1% in stage II, 74.1% in stage IIIA, 48.6% in stage IIIB, and 50.0% in stage IV patients. On survival analysis of high-risk patients according to the TNM system, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 91.6% in stage II, 74.1% in stage IIIA, and 48.6% in stage IIIB patients. Independent factors of recurrence following surgery for gastric GIST were gender, tumor size, mitotic count, and radicality on multivariate analysis.The treatment outcome and prognosis of gastric GIST in Korea and Japan seem more favorable compared to those in Western countries. Compared to the modified NIH risk classification, the 7th UICC/AJCC TNM system is more reflective of the 5-year recurrence-free survival of patients with gastric GIST.