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This study explores the influence of educational ideologies and practices of donor countries on the educational systems in recipient countries in the context of international cooperation. Previous research on international education cooperation has focused on international cooperation policies, ignoring the educational systems of both donor and recipient countries. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining how Japan's dualistic model of inclusive education is reflected in the Strengthening Teachers' Ability and Reasonable Treatments for Children with Disabilities (START) project in Mongolia. This study reviews the literature on inclusive education in Japan and Mongolia, and analyzes documents produced through the project. It finds that despite some instances of inclusive practices in Japanese schools, special needs education in Japan is still predicated on individualized and medicalized approaches to disabilities. Conversely, Mongolia has struggled to provide children with disabilities with accessible and quality schooling since its transition from a socialist to a capitalist regime in the early 1990s. The START project aims to identify children's disabilities as early as possible, provide individualized support and guidance, and develop educational settings that allow the inclusion of children with disabilities in their peer groups. In implementing the project, Japanese-style inclusive education is negotiated between Mongolian teachers and officials rather than imposed by Japanese experts. By embracing the dualistic nature of Japanese inclusive education, Mongolia can better promote the ideal of inclusion for all children.

The need to support those teaching in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms is becoming increasingly acknowledged, and faculty professional development (PD) is recognised as an important element of that support. This study, a replication and localisation of an international study by Macaro et al. (2020. "English Medium Instruction in Higher Education: Teacher Perspectives on Professional Development and Certification." "International Journal of Applied Linguistics" 30 (1): 144-157), investigates the experiences and attitudes of faculty members teaching in EMI programmes in South Korea and Japan towards EMI related PD and certification. Survey findings (South Korea n = 234, Japan n = 92) indicate that few faculty members have experience with pre-service PD, and that EMI-related in-service PD is rare in South Korea but on the rise in Japan. Preferences for PD and attitudes towards certification differed between the two populations sampled, and there are indications that the disciplinary and language backgrounds of the professors may influence this. This highlights the need for local, context-appropriate approaches to supporting faculty in EMI programmes.

This study examined the associations between school entry skills and science achievement at both the student and school levels among fourth-grade students in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong. Data of the five Asian regions in the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) were analysed. Variables included Interest, Self-concept, School entry skills - reported by parents, Cognitive activities, Parent attitudes toward mathematics and science, Home educational resources, and Gender, all at the student level, and Emphasis on academic success, Discipline problems, and School entry skills -- reported by principals at the school level. Results of the multilevel path analysis indicated that School entry skills positively and directly influenced science achievement, and simultaneously mediated the influence from cognitive activities to science achievement at the student level. These findings were consistent among the five Asian regions. At the school level, it was found that compared to School entry skills, School emphasis on academic success was the stronger predictor of science achievement among students for most Asian regions. Implications for improving primary school students' science learning are discussed.

This article discusses the concept of digital literacy and presents a digital literacy questionnaire containing questions related to the use of digital technologies and the level of digital literacy skills. It also reports the results of two studies that used the digital literacy questionnaire to investigate the digital literacy level of 100 English for academic purposes (EAP) students at a university in Australia and 70 English as a foreign language (EFL) students at a university in Japan and examine factors affecting their use of digital technologies for learning English. The findings of the studies provide some insights into the students' awareness and use of digital technologies and their views of the use of digital tools and resources for language learning. Each group showed a different level of expectations and needs in their digital literacy skills with a different background and experience. It is suggested that the expectations and needs of respondents to the digital literacy questionnaire should be taken into account when the results of the digital literacy questionnaire are presented and interpreted in different contexts.

The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) has been validated in several East Asian countries, but the measurement equivalence of its four dimensions and construct validity has not yet been evaluated in Japan. Results from Japanese (n = 298) and South Korean (n = 301) college students indicated good to excellent internal consistency estimates, and configural and metric invariance, confirming the factor structure across the groups. Item intercepts across samples, however, were scalar noninvariant, preventing comparison of mean scores. Results also provided support for criterion-related validity of CAAS scores. This model for measuring career adaptability can apply to the Japanese college context.

This paper examines how different test methods may tap different aspects of second language knowledge. It employs multiple-choice (MC) and constructed response (CR) items which yield distinct or convergent information in the computer delivered testing of English in its presentation of this factor. In order to examine the effects of test method, a CFA approach to a multitrait-multimethod design was adopted to examine the convergent as well as discriminant validity of the two skill area traits and the two test methods. After comparing the hypothesized model with a nested series of more restrictive models using X[superscript 2] difference tests (Byrne, 2006; Widaman, 1985), based on the information from the path coefficients, and also using principal factor analyses, it was found that: 1) the skills are factorially separable, yet, highly correlated, 2) MC and CR methods are separable, and very weakly correlated, 3) there is thus a method effect, and 4) the MC method may not be suitable in sampling the unique ability characteristics of reading and listening skills.

This study aims to analyse the differences in tactical and technical elements between winners and non-winners and identify key strategic and technical elements contributing to performance in Para Taekwondo. Notational analysis was used to achieve these objectives, and 78 Para Taekwondo matches (36 men's matches and 42 women's matches) from the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics were analysed. The recorded videos were analysed using Adobe Premiere Pro software (version 24.2) with a frame-by-frame analysis of 0.033 seconds. The main results are: a) winners had significantly higher kick-to-score ratios compared to non-winners (male: 38.3 ± 17.37% vs. 19.4 ± 11.95%, p <.001; female: 32.7 ± 18.17% vs. 11.0 ± 7.72%, p <.001); b) winners had fewer attack attempts but higher scoring efficiency; c) non-winners used the front leg more frequently (male: 43.2% vs. 39.7%, p <.05; female: 47.5% vs. 42.7%, p <.001); d) logistic regression analysis showed that kick-to-score ratio significantly impacted match outcomes for both male (OR = 1.10, p <.001) and female athletes (OR = 1.19, p <.001), while offensive frequency negatively impacted female athletes' match outcomes (OR = 0.89, p =.002). This study emphasizes the importance of scoring efficiency and strategic defensive actions, consistent with patterns in Olympic Taekwondo. It provides insights for enhancing athlete training and match strategy in combat sports, enriching the understanding of Para Taekwondo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to support those teaching in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms is becoming increasingly acknowledged, and faculty professional development (PD) is recognised as an important element of that support. This study, a replication and localisation of an international study by Macaro et al. (2020. "English Medium Instruction in Higher Education: Teacher Perspectives on Professional Development and Certification." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 30 (1): 144–157), investigates the experiences and attitudes of faculty members teaching in EMI programmes in South Korea and Japan towards EMI related PD and certification. Survey findings (South Korea n = 234, Japan n = 92) indicate that few faculty members have experience with pre-service PD, and that EMI-related in-service PD is rare in South Korea but on the rise in Japan. Preferences for PD and attitudes towards certification differed between the two populations sampled, and there are indications that the disciplinary and language backgrounds of the professors may influence this. This highlights the need for local, context-appropriate approaches to supporting faculty in EMI programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid spread of the coronavirus virus (COVID-19) has been responsible for massive global impacts on the lives of children, families and communities. It is important to document these effects for the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) sector. This report focuses on the Asia-Pacific region and ECEC sector, given limited regional studies on the impact of COVID-19 on early childhood education. It draws attention to the effects of the pandemic across five member countries of the "Organisation Mondiale pour l' Education Préscolaire" (OMEP)--Australia, China, Japan, Korea and Thailand. The authors describe initial responses to control the spread of the pandemic in each national context and identify socio-political factors that enable broad understandings of national responses to COVID-19. In relation to the ECEC sector, responses are discussed in terms of cultural differences, economic issues, educational and professional concerns and educator wellbeing. While important government actions have rightly focused on virus suppression, it also remains important to maintain attention on the rights of children to ensure that the health crisis does not also become a child's rights crisis and that sufficient attention is given to children's safety and wellbeing.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are powerful anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) with high global-warming potentials (GWPs). They have been widely used as refrigerants, insulation foam-blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression agents. Since the mid-1990s, emissions of HFCs have been increasing rapidly as they are used in many applications to replace ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) whose consumption and production have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol (MP). Due to the high GWP of HFCs, the Kigali Amendment to the MP requires the phasedown of production and consumption of HFCs to gradually achieve an 80 %–85 % reduction by 2047, starting in 2019 for non-Article 5 (developed) countries with a 10 % reduction against each defined baseline and later schedules for Article 5 (developing) countries. In this study, we have examined long-term high-precision measurements of atmospheric abundances of five major HFCs (HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-152a) at Gosan station, Jeju Island, South Korea, from 2008 to 2020. Background abundances of HFCs gradually increased, and the inflow of polluted air masses with elevated abundances from surrounding source regions were detected over the entire period. From these pollution events, we inferred regional and country-specific HFC emission estimates using two independent Lagrangian particle dispersion models and Bayesian inversion frameworks (FLEXPART-FLEXINVERT + and NAME-InTEM). The spatial distribution of the derived "top-down" (measurement based) emissions for all HFCs shows large fluxes from megacities and industrial areas in the region. Our most important finding is that HFC emissions in eastern China and Japan have sharply increased from 2016 to 2018. The contribution of East Asian HFC emissions to the global total increased from 9 % (2008–2014) to 13 % (2016–2020). In particular, HFC emissions in Japan (Annex I country) rose rapidly from 2016 onward, with accumulated total inferred HFC emissions being ∼ 114 Gg yr -1 , which is ∼ 76 Gg yr -1 higher for 2016–2020 than the "bottom-up" (i.e., based on activity data and emission factors) emissions of ∼ 38 Gg yr -1 reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This is likely related to the increase in domestic demand in Japan for refrigerants and air-conditioning-system-related products and incomplete accounting. A downward trend of HFC emissions that started in 2019 reflects the effectiveness of the F-gas policy in Japan. Eastern China and South Korea, though not obligated to report to the UNFCCC, voluntarily reported emissions, which also show differences between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, demonstrating the need for atmospheric measurements, comprehensive data analysis, and accurate reporting for precise emission management. Further, the proportional contribution of each country's CO 2 -equivalent HFC emissions has changed over time, with HFC-134a decreasing and HFC-125 increasing. This demonstrates the transition in the predominant HFC substances contributing to global warming in each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unknown whether linguistic cues influence preschoolers' recognition of facial expression when the emotion of the face is incongruent with the linguistic cues and what type of linguistic cue is influential in the modulation of facial expression. In a priming task, we presented 5-year-old children three types of linguistic information conveying happy or sad emotion (simple label, label with rich causal explanation of emotion, and label with poor causal explanation of emotion) prior to the presentation of a happy or a sad face. We asked participants to recognize emotion of facial expression and examined whether they follow linguistic information than the facial expression when the emotions of linguistic information and face were incongruent. As a result, children who were presented the label with rich causal explanation judged emotion of face according to the linguistic information, whereas children who were presented the simple label or the label with poor causal explanation followed the emotions of facial expression. This result indicated that children's autonomic reliance on situational cues depends on the emotional causality and the concreteness of emotional state conveyed by the linguistic cues. This finding contributes to our understanding of the face inferiority effect on children's developing notion of emotions.

As global populations age, a looming nursing shortage is anticipated to become a critical issue. Charge nurses have the responsibility of optimally allocating nursing resources to ensure the quality of patient care during a shift. Therefore, an accurate estimate of nursing demand is crucial. However, the ability to forecast future nursing demand remains underdeveloped, mainly because the nature of nursing demand is highly individualized and does not follow a definitive pattern. In practice, the nursing demand is often perceived as unpredictable, leading to an ad hoc approach to staffing. The primary objective of our study is to demonstrate that longitudinal data analysis can reveal strong statistical regularities in the temporal dynamics of nursing demand. This approach not only provides new possibilities for efficient resource allocation but also paves the way for data‐driven prediction of nursing demand. Our study uses Sankey diagrams to visualize the temporal dynamics of nursing demand within each ward for each fiscal year, representing these dynamics as an overlay of trajectories from multiple individual patients. Consequently, our study reveals ward‐specific statistical regularities in the temporal dynamics of nursing demand. In one ward, approximately 25% of patients experienced an increase in nursing demand from 1 to between 6 and 9 points from the second to the third day of hospitalization, while in another, only 0.1% showed such an increase. These findings suggest that patients admitted to the wards tend to exhibit a certain probabilistic change in nursing demand. This study can predict probabilistically the temporal variation of nursing demand among patients in the coming years by analyzing data on the temporal changes in nursing demand over the past years. Our findings are expected to significantly influence the forecasting of nursing demand and the estimation of nursing resources, leading to data‐driven and more efficient nursing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term cross-correlational structures are examined for pairs of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and advective forcing parameters and sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs) and current velocity anomalies (CVAs) in the East/Japan Sea (EJS); all these satellite datasets were collected between 1993 and 2023. By utilizing newly modified detrended cross-correlation analysis algorithms, incorporating local linear trend and local fluctuation level of an SSTA, the analyses were performed on timescales of 400–3000 days. Long-term cross-correlations between SSTAs and SSHAs are strongly persistent over nearly the entire EJS; the strength of persistence is stronger during rising trends and low fluctuations of SSTAs, while anti-persistent behavior appears during high fluctuations of SSTAs. SSTA-CVA pairs show high long-term persistence only along main current pathways: the zonal currents for the Subpolar Front and the meridional currents for the east coast of Korea. SSTA-CVA pairs also show negative long-term persistent behaviors in some spots located near the coasts of Korea and Japan: the zonal currents for the eastern coast of Korea and the meridional currents for the western coast of Japan; these behaviors seem to be related to the coastal upwelling phenomena. Further, these persistent characteristics are more conspicuous in the recent decades (2008~2023) rather than in the past (1993~2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials related to Japanese military "comfort women" in Korea are managed by several institutions. Each digital archive has their own metadata schema and management policies. So far, a standard or a common guideline for describing digital records is not formalized. We propose a Japanese military "comfort women" knowledge graph to semantically interlink the digital records from distributed digital archives. To build a Japanese military "comfort women" knowledge graph, digital records and descriptive metadata were collected from existing digital archives. A list of metadata was defined by analyzing commonly used properties and a knowledge model designed by reusing standard vocabularies. Knowledge was constructed by interlinking the collected records, external data sources, and enriching data. The knowledge graph was evaluated using the FAIR data maturity model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative analysis of the characteristics of moral exemplars presented in moral education textbooks in Korea and Japan. The purpose of the study is to examine and compare moral values presented through the lives and stories of moral exemplars in the two countries that have moral education as an independent and separate subject based on the national curriculum. To this end, the study uses analytical criteria such as gender, nationality, social roles, historical backgrounds, and specific moral values in order to investigate characteristics of 307 moral exemplars in Korea's and Japan's most used moral education textbooks. The results show significant similarities and differences in moral exemplars between the two nations. In the case of the similarities, both countries emphasize moral autonomy and respect for human life. In the case of the differences, while Korea presents more historic figures as moral exemplars, Japan presents more students and ordinary people as moral exemplars.

This study compares older adult learning in Korean and Japanese sample populations, paying special attention to learning after age 70. Surveys with nearly identical questionnaires were conducted in the Bundang Senior Welfare Center in Korea (N = 549, mean age 73.6 years) and at Osaka Prefecture Senior College in Japan (N = 1,491, 787, mean age = 67.4, 69.5 years). The main results are as follows: (a) in terms of learning needs, selected ratios of topics of "life review" and "communication with other seniors" increased as respondents increased in age from their 60s to 70s in both countries; (b) attitudes toward learning and social activities changed from "Novelty" to "Continuity" to "Disengagement" as respondents increased in age in both countries; and (c) the threshold age to old age was identified at around 75 years, not 70 years, particularly in Korean data. These results suggest that old age is a diverse period, and that creating ways to facilitate learning after age 70 is an urgent issue in the field of educational gerontology.

Rabies virus (RABV) causes fatal neurological disease. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using inactivated-virus vaccines are the most effective measures to prevent rabies. In Japan, HEP-Flury, the viral strain, used as a human rabies vaccine, has historically been propagated in primary fibroblast cells derived from chicken embryos. In the present study, to reduce the cost and labor of vaccine production, we sought to adapt the original HEP-Flury (HEP) to Vero cells. HEP was repeatedly passaged in Vero cells to generate ten- (HEP-10V) and thirty-passaged (HEP-30V) strains. Both HEP-10V and HEP-30V grew significantly better than HEP in Vero cells, with virulence and antigenicity similar to HEP. Comparison of the complete genomes with HEP revealed three non-synonymous mutations in HEP-10V and four additional non-synonymous mutations in HEP-30V. Comparison among 18 recombinant HEP strains constructed by reverse genetics and vesicular stomatitis viruses pseudotyped with RABV glycoproteins indicated that the substitution P(L115H) in the phosphoprotein and G(S15R) in the glycoprotein improved viral propagation in HEP-10V, while in HEP-30V, G(V164E), G(L183P), and G(A286V) in the glycoprotein enhanced entry into Vero cells. The obtained recombinant RABV strain, rHEP-PG4 strain, with these five substitutions, is a strong candidate for production of human rabies vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the significant burden of post-acute COVID-19 conditions among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we aimed to identify the risk of acute respiratory complications or post-acute respiratory sequelae. A binational population-based cohort study was conducted to analyze the risk of acute respiratory complications or post-acute respiratory sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a Korean nationwide claim-based cohort (K-COV-N; n = 2,312,748; main cohort) and a Japanese claim-based cohort (JMDC; n = 3,115,606; replication cohort) after multi-to-one propensity score matching. Among 2,312,748 Korean participants (mean age, 47.2 years [SD, 15.6]; 1,109,708 [48.0%] female), 17.1% (394,598/2,312,748) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The risk of acute respiratory complications or post-acute respiratory sequelae is significantly increased in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population (acute respiratory complications: HR, 8.06 [95% CI, 6.92-9.38]; post-acute respiratory sequelae: 1.68 [1.62-1.75]), and the risk increased with increasing COVID-19 severity. We identified COVID-19 vaccination as an attenuating factor, showing a protective association against acute or post-acute respiratory conditions. Furthermore, while the excess post-acute risk diminished with time following SARS-CoV-2 infection, it persisted beyond 6 months post-infection. The replication cohort showed a similar pattern in the association. Our study comprehensively evaluates respiratory complications in post-COVID-19 conditions, considering attenuating factors such as vaccination status, post-infection duration, COVID-19 severity, and specific respiratory conditions. Respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in the acute (within 30 days) and post-acute (after 30 days) phase. Here, the authors characterise the risk of acute and post-acute respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 using population-based data from South Korea and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Products used in daily life can contain chemicals such as parabens, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban that have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Little is known about the temporal trends of exposure levels to some of these chemicals in Japan. Our study assessed the intake and risk associated with exposure to commonly used chemicals. We measured the concentrations of five parabens, four benzophenones, and triclosan and triclocarban in 133 single spot urine samples. The urine samples were collected in 1993, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2011, and 2016 from healthy female residents in Kyoto, Japan. With the exception of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and butylparaben, there were no significant fluctuations in the concentrations of target chemicals over the study period; however, methylparaben, ethylparaben, and butylparaben showed temporal changes in concentrations. Methylparaben concentrations peaked in 2003 with a median value of 309 μg/g creatinine, ethylparaben concentrations peaked in 1993 with a median value of 17.3 μg/g creatinine, and butylparaben showed a decline, with the median values becoming non-detectable in 2009 and 2016. We calculated estimated daily intakes and hazard quotients for each chemical. In the analysis of total samples, 2.3% (3 samples) for butylparaben and 0.8% (1 sample) for propylparaben were found to surpass a hazard quotient of 1. Overall, 3% (n = 4) of the study participants exceeded a hazard index of 1. The potential health risks associated with exposure to butylparaben and propylparaben emphasize the need for further monitoring and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As North Korea emphasized its "second mission," the reunification of the two Koreas, with its nuclear weapons, South Korea has been mobilizing all potential resources to deter North Korea's attempt. Indeed, it rapidly improved its relations with Japan as well as strengthened the U.S. extended deterrence through the "Washington Declaration" in early 2023. The United States, South Korea, and Japan even initiated their trilateral summit meeting to discuss their combined deterrence posture against North Korea. This article evaluates South Korea's current nuclear preparedness, including preemptive/preventive strikes, missile defense, and civil defense, identifies weaknesses, and analyzes whether Japan can mitigate the weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The cost‐effectiveness to screen hepatic fibrosis in at‐risk population as recommended by several professional societies has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of this screening strategy in the expanded at‐risk population recently proposed by several societies. Methods: A combined model of the decision tree and Markov models was developed to compare expected costs, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) between screening and no screening groups. The model included liver disease‐related health states and cardiovascular disease (CVD) states as a base‐case analysis. Screening strategy consisted of fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) followed by vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) as a treatment for diagnosed patients. Results: Cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that screening the at‐risk population entailed $298 incremental costs and an additional 0.0199 QALY per patient compared to no screening (ICER $14 949/QALY). Screening was cost‐effective based on the implicit ICER threshold of $25 000/QALY in Korea. When the effects of ILI on CVD and extrahepatic malignancy were incorporated into the cost‐effectiveness model, the ICER decreased by 0.85 times from the base‐case analysis (ICER $12 749/QALY). In contrast, when only the effects of liver disease were considered in the model, excluding cardiovascular disease effects, ICER increased from the baseline case analysis to $16 305. Even when replacing with medical costs in Japan and U.S., it remained cost‐effective with the estimate below the countries' ICER threshold. Conclusions: Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the cost‐effectiveness of FIB‐4‐based screening the at‐risk population for advanced hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) / Kazahskij Nacional'nyj Universitet Imeni Al'-Farabi Vestnik Seriâ Vostokovedeniâ is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study discusses the challenge of distinguishing between two high-quality mandarin cultivars, 'Asumi' and 'Asuki', which have been introduced and cultivated in Korea after being developed through crossbreeding in Japan. Owing to genetic similarities resulting from crossbreeding between the same parent cultivars, it is challenging to differentiate them morphologically at the seedling stage. This difficulty poses challenges for cultivation and harvesting on farms. To address this issue, we developed a method using sequence characteristic amplification region (SCAR) markers for rapid and accurate differentiation between the two cultivars. We selected specific primer sets from random amplified polymorphic DNA–SCAR combinations and sequence-related amplified polymorphism contrast markers. The multiplex PCR system using these molecular markers was able to identify 16 mandarin cultivars, including 'Asumi' and 'Asuki', among 30 cultivars. The use of these SCAR markers is expected to enhance citrus cultivation by accurately identifying mixed cultivars and facilitating proper harvest timing for citrus distribution. Additionally, the markers can help identify the genetic traits of hybrid varieties at the seedling stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the potential role of the composition of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of biological rhythms, such as the sleep architecture, core body temperature and leukocyte clock gene expression, in subjects fed meals rich in palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA). Eleven males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. In each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in PA (44·3 % of total fat as PA and 42·3 % as OA) or OA (11·7 % of total fat as PA and 59·3 % as OA) in the metabolic chamber. The ratio of PA to OA in plasma was significantly lower and fat oxidation was significantly higher during 24 h of indirect calorimetry in the session with meals rich in OA than in that with meals rich in PA. The duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) was shorter, the latency of SWS was longer and the nadir of core body temperature after bedtime was later in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. The peak in CRY1 gene expression was earlier and its amplitude was higher in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. In healthy young males, meals rich in PA decreased fat oxidation and disrupted biological rhythms, particularly the sleep architecture and core body temperature during sleep, more than meals rich in OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have explained political orientation and morality as a consequence of epistemic needs and empathic motivation. In this study, we replicate previous research on the influence of psychological states on moral foundations, system justification, and political orientation among Japanese participants. Consistent with previous findings, empathy is positively associated with care and fairness (called individualizing foundations) whereas epistemic needs to manage certainty (e.g., need for closure) are positively associated with ingroup loyalty, respect for authority, and purity (called binding foundations). Empathy and the need for closure indirectly affect political orientation and system justification through their influence on moral foundations. Contrary to previous findings, we find empathy to be positively associated with binding foundations whereas the need for closure is positively associated with individualizing foundations. We discuss the implications of these findings to show that moral foundations are a result of motivated social cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The gut microbiota has emerged as a new intervention target for sarcopenia. Prior studies in humans have focused on the association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle quantity, while the evidence on muscle function and quality is lacking. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota genera associated with skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality in a general population of Japanese adults. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 164 participants aged 35–80 years, women and men recruited from urban areas of Japan. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Skeletal muscle function was measured using handgrip strength and leg extension power (LEP), while skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Phase angle was used as a measure of skeletal muscle quality. Multivariate linear regression analysis stratified by age group was used to examine the association between the dominant genera of the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle variables. Results: A significant association was found between Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 with LEP only in the ≥60 years group. When both Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 were included in the same regression model, only Bacteroides remained consistently and significantly associated with LEP. No significant associations were observed between skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and phase angle and major gut microbiota genera. Conclusions: In this study, we observed a significant positive association between Bacteroides and leg muscle function in older adults. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking Bacteroides to lower‐extremity muscle function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 53–60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on societies, with possible consequences for their fundamental values. Inglehart's revised modernization theory links societal values to the underlying subjective sense of existential security in a given society (scarcity hypothesis), while also claiming that influences on values diminish once individuals reach adulthood (socialization hypothesis). An acute existential crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic offers a rare opportunity to test these assumptions. We analyze data from representative surveys conducted in Japan shortly before and after the onset of the pandemic. Remaining survey sample differences are statistically controlled via propensity score weighting and regression adjustment, while post-stratification weights allow conclusions about the Japanese population. In three sets of analyses, we reveal that the pandemic and the experienced psychological distress are negatively associated with emancipative and secular values, entailing a reversal to traditionalism, intolerance, and religiosity. First, we document a substantial decline in both emancipative and secular values in the first months of the pandemic compared to five months earlier. This decline remained stable a year later. Second, we find that value change was stronger in prefectures more severely affected by the pandemic. Third, individuals who experienced higher psychological distress emphasized the same values more strongly, as evident in two surveys from May 2020 and April 2021. In contrast to the socialization hypothesis, our study provides evidence that, under extraordinary environmental conditions, values can shift even within a negligibly short time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID‐19 pandemic led to significant reductions in influenza detection worldwide, fueling debates on whether influenza truly ceased circulating in communities. The number of influenza cases decreased significantly in Japan, raising concerns about the potential risk of decreased immunity to influenza in the population. Our single‐center study aimed to investigate influenza trends before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Tokyo, Japan. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study included patients of all ages who visited Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2023. Influenza and COVID‐19 tests were conducted using Quick Navi‐Flu2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We analyzed data from before and during the COVID‐19 epidemic, based on patient background, hospitalization, and deaths, collected from medical records. Results: A total of 12 577 influenza tests were conducted, with approximately 100 tests consistently performed each month even in the influenza off‐season. Throughout the observation period, 962 positive cases were identified. However, no cases were observed for 27 months between March 2020 and November 2022. Influenza A cases were reobserved in December 2022, followed by influenza B cases in March 2023, similar to the influenza incidence reports from Tokyo. The positivity rate during the 2022–2023 winter season was lower than before the COVID‐19 epidemic and decreased in elderly patients, with no hospitalizations or deaths observed. Conclusion: This single‐center study provided actual trend data for influenza patients before and during COVID‐19 outbreaks in Tokyo, which could offer insights into the potential impact and likelihood of influenza virus infection in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the reasons behind the slowdown in real wages for Japan and Korea based on the aggregate and industry-level data for the respective countries. The findings suggest the following. First, both at the aggregate and industry level, there is a significant slowdown in both countries in the post-1995 period regarding labor productivity, which explains the overall slowdown in real wages. Second, the main reason for the gap between the growths in real wages and labor productivity is found to be the changes in the labor's terms of trade, which is defined as the consumer price index to GDP deflator ratio. Thus, the wage–labor productivity gap is not systematically connected to changes in labor income shares. Finally, the fall in the labor's terms of trade may be potentially related to an emphasis on exports and strong technological upgrading toward higher productivity growth products in both countries' economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasons for sex-associated gut microbiota differences have not been determined, and although sex hormones, diet, and other factors are considered to contribute to them, many of these factors are age related. To shed light on this complex interplay, our study aimed to investigate and compare the gut microbial compositions of males and females across a broad range of ages, aiming to identify sex-associated disparities and potential causal factors. Our study encompassed a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota data obtained from 444 Japanese individuals, ranging from newborns to centenarians, sourced from the DNA Data Bank of Japan. We categorized the subjects into 13 distinct age groups and examined their relative microbial abundances, as well as alpha and beta diversities, in relation to sex and age. No difference was observed between gut microbiota relative abundances or alpha diversities between men and women at any age. However, the study showed that the heterogeneity of gut microbiota among women in their 20s was greater than in men. To confirm the general occurrence of this difference, we conducted additional analyses using seven datasets: three from Japan and four from other countries. Interestingly, this variance was particularly noticeable within Japanese women. We also showed a potential link between the observed heterogeneity and dietary fiber intake. It is hoped this study will provide clues that aid in the identification of factors responsible for sex-associated differences in gut microbiota compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aster spathulifolius, an ecologically significant plant species native to the coastal regions of Korea and Japan, remains understudied in terms of its genetic structure and evolutionary history. In this study, we employed four chloroplast markers and the nuclear ITS region from 15 populations of A. spathulifolius from both Korea and Japan, including their islands, to unravel the spatial genetic structure, differentiation, gene flow, phylogenetic, and biogeographical relationships. Analysis based on multiple methods identified a low level of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and gene flow among A. spathulifolius populations. Network analysis and principal coordinates analysis showed that 15 populations could be divided into two groups: mainland and island. Furthermore, UPGMA, neighbor-net, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference-based phylogenetic tree confirmed that these populations formed two distinct clades. Therefore, the island populations might be treated as A. spathulifolius populations rather than A. oharai populations. Divergence time analysis estimated the divergence of A. spathulifolius lineages approximately 23.09 million years ago, while ancestral area reconstruction analysis suggested Korea as the potential origin, conflicting with alternative scenarios. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history, genetic structure, and adaptive strategies of A. spathulifolius in coastal environments. Our study challenges previous assumptions and underscores the necessity for further population studies to elucidate the intricate dynamics of this distinctive plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. Methods/Principal finding: We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. Conclusion/Significance: Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus. Author summary: SFTSV causes a high mortality disease in humans, especially in China, Japan, and South Korea. For a better understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of SFTSVs, our study performed phylogenetic and genetic reassortment analyses using the largely collected genomic information of SFTSVs. It appeared that dominant endemic SFTSVs in China, Japan, and South Korea likely diverged several centuries ago. Movement of vector (e.g., tick) or non-human mammalian reservoirs possibly played a key role in human SFTSV spillover and infrequently led to international spread among three countries. Purifying selection strongly limited the generation of novel variants through either molecular mutations or genetic reassortment. However, we observed a few amino acid sites under positive selection, especially in glycoproteins which might limitedly allow the generation of variants within a clade, in which molecular evolution might not be a major cause for the current emergence of SFTSVs but the ecological or epidemiological change possibly be a more plausible factor. However, we should still carefully monitor the evolutionary dynamics of SFTSV considering the potential of host adaptation in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the development of conflict management strategies, focusing on 3- and 5-year-olds, through a comparison of 3 neighboring Asian cultures, those of China (n = 114), Japan (n = 98), and Korea (n = 90). The dual concern model of conflict management was adopted to probe which strategy children would prefer to use in 2 hypothetical conflict situations. Results indicated that, first, for disagreement, 3-year-olds in the 3 countries equally preferred the dominating strategy. For competition for resources, 3-year-olds differed in their strategy preference across all cultures. Second, the observed strategy preference of 3- to 5-year-old children in this study was more or less different from that of older schoolchildren, regardless of culture. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest the significance of the context, the complexity of the phenomenon of the development of cultural differences, and the significance of cohort sampling.

This study describes the massive open online course (MOOC) experiences of three educational technology scholars assuming the roles of learners. Adapting Carroll's model of school learning as a theoretical framework, the study employed an autoethnography method to collect empirical data in three different MOOCs. Data analysis from regularly recorded journals revealed commonalities and differences in learner experiences. Based on the results, a refined version of Carroll's model was produced to provide a foundation for future research and development into MOOCs.

This study investigates the justice perception of buying group member retailers and examines whether it is an initiator of relationships and a constant driver of attitude through the lens of brand equity and relationship duration. Building upon the findings, this study offers practical implications for the managers of the buying group headquarters. A questionnaire survey of 241 key informants of retailers participating in eight different retail buying groups in Japan was conducted. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to verify measurements, and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Distributive justice perception directly affected relationship duration and procedural justice perception had an indirect effect on relationship duration via brand equity. We also found the significant moderating effect of strategic integration. For the group with high strategic integration, distributive justice perception had a greater effect on brand equity, whereas, in the group with low strategic integration, brand equity was more affected by procedural justice perception. Furthermore, the roles of distributive justice perception and procedural justice perception were found to be complementary. The study expands the perception of justice in an inter-organizational environment to a loosely connected channel structure while examining two endogenous variables of relationship performance (i.e. brand equity and relationship duration). This study also finds the moderating effect that justice perception has on relationship performance. By implementing strategic integration intention as a moderator, this study considers the strategic stance of member retailers in the research setting as well. The findings highlight that headquarter managers must understand the role of each sub-dimension of justice perception and balance their application. As the resources for building justice perception can be limited, it is important for managers to allocate resources based on prioritization. This research is a pioneering study on the implementation of justice perception in the relationship between member retailers and buying groups. Additionally, it proposes and proves the conditions required for justice perception to induce a positive attitude on the part of member retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the gut microbiome both during and after consumption of malted rice amazake (MR-Amazake), a fermented food from Japan, in-home healthcare patients with disabilities, including patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. We monitored 12 patients who consumed MR-Amazake for 6 wk and investigated them before and after the intervention as well as 6 wk after the end of intake to compare their physical condition, diet, type of their medication, constipation assessment scale, and analysis of their comprehensive fecal microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. Their constipation symptoms were significantly alleviated, and principal coordinate analysis revealed that 30% of patients showed significant changes in the gut microbiome after MR-Amazake ingestion. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium was strongly associated with these changes. These changes were observed only during MR-Amazake intake; the original gut microbiome was restored when MR-Amazake intake was discontinued. These results suggest that 6 wk is a reasonable period of time for MRAmazake to change the human gut microbiome and that continuous consumption of MR-Amazake is required to sustain such changes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The consumption of malted rice amazake (MR-Amazake) showed significant changes in the gut microbiome according to principal coordinate analysis in some home healthcare patients with disabilities, including those with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. After discontinuation of intake, the gut microbiome returned to its original state. This is the first pilot study to examine both the changes in the gut microbiome and their sustainability after MR-Amazake intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid-phase synthesis is suitable for controlling the morphological and structural properties of functional inorganic materials and such control is important because they strongly affect the functionality of the product. Cobalt-based materials is one group of materials that requires control of powder morphology and structure. Cobalt is an important metal element used in various industrial fields such as secondary batteries, superalloys, permanent magnets, hard metals, and catalysts. The ever-growing demand of cobalt highlights that there is an urgent necessity to develop high quality material synthesis methods and to secure cobalt resources for countries that rely on import like Japan. Especially, technologies to recycle cobalt in a form reusable for secondary batteries and catalysts are desired because further increase in demand is anticipated. Meanwhile, spherical porous tricobalt tetroxide secondary particles obtained by calcination of spherical cobalt carbonate precursors have been reported to be promising materials for battery applications. Moreover, porous metal cobalt obtained by hydrogen reduction of tricobalt tetroxide is known to be effective for catalyst applications. However, conventional methods to synthesize spherical cobalt carbonate requires addition of additives in the reaction mixtures or otherwise requires hydrothermal treatment in pressure vessels. These are unfavorable to develop a practical and sustainable process for cobalt-based material production and recycling. In this study, a facile room temperature synthesis method to prepare spherical cobalt carbonate precursors from solutions of cobalt chloride and ammonium hydrogen carbonate that does not require any additives or hydrothermal treatment is developed by optimizing the carbonate solution concentration, carbonate/cobalt salt molar ratio, and stirring time during reaction. Furthermore, we succeeded in obtaining porous tricobalt tetroxide and porous metal cobalt that carry on the exterior spherical morphology of the original cobalt carbonate precursor by calcination and hydrogen reduction. The developed process shall contribute to realize high quality cobalt-based material production and recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts, two pain physicians independently reviewed and classified them as acute or chronic pain. Quantitative data on countries, institutions, journals, and research categories were analyzed. VOSviewer software was used for keyword mapping and clustering.Results: We analyzed 808 VR-related articles on pain medicine. Over the past three decades, the number of publications in this field has increased steadily. The United States of America (n = 259) had the highest number of publications. Moreover, China (n = 42), Japan (n = 18), and South Korea (n = 24) also contributed continuously. Acute and chronic pain research accounted for 44.2% and 37.9% of the articles, respectively. The most common acute pain topic was procedure-related (n = 129, 16.0%), whereas the most common chronic pain topic was neuropathic (n = 104, 12.9%). Keywords clustered around neuroscience, pediatric pain management, and chronic pain management.Conclusion: Our study revealed academic achievements and growing interest in VR-related research in pain medicine. Researchers worldwide have shown balanced interest in applying VR technology to acute and chronic pain, with specific contributions from China, Japan, and South Korea. Harnessing VR technology is promising for improving pain management and enhancing patients' quality of life in the field of pain medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have demonstrated that infections with various viruses, bacteria, and parasites can modulate the immune system, no study has investigated changes in antibodies against microbial antigens after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. IgG antibodies against microbial antigens in the blood of vaccinees were comprehensively analyzed using microbial protein microarrays that carried approximately 5000 microbe-derived proteins. Changes in antibodies against microbial antigens were scrutinized in healthy participants enrolled in the Fukushima Vaccination Community Survey conducted in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after their second and third COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations. Antibody profiling of six groups stratified by antibody titer and the remaining neutralizing antibodies was also performed to study the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in antibodies against microbial antigens. The results showed that changes in antibodies against microbial antigens other than SARS-CoV-2 antigens were extremely limited after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, antibodies against a staphylococcal complement inhibitor have been identified as microbial antigens that are associated with increased levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These antibodies may be a predictor of the maintenance of neutralizing antibodies following the administration of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites operate in medium Earth orbits (MEOs), geostationary orbits (GEOs), or inclined geosynchronous orbits (IGSOs). The QZSS consists of GEO and IGSO satellites. When we considering the QZSS skyplot in Japan and its surrounding areas, there are no satellites in the northern sky. This results in a geometric placement imbalance, and thereby, causes position errors. The fundamental method to solve this problem is to position a satellite in the vacant northern area. Therefore, in this research, the addition of navigation satellites with a highinclination, high-eccentricity orbit (a new type of orbit) is proposed. The vacant northern area can be filled effectively by adding a satellite using this orbit. Three satellites with this orbit were added to the QZSS in a simulation. Thereby, satellites were positioned effectively in the vacant northern area of the skyplot for Tokyo and Seoul. In addition, the improvement in performance was verified quantitatively through Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) and Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP). Accordingly, the addition of a satellite with a high-inclination, high-eccentricity orbit to the QZSS would enable more accurate positioning in Japan and its surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors extend comparative research on educational differences in divorce by analyzing data from Korea. A primary motivation was to assess whether the theoretically unexpected negative educational gradient in divorce in Japan is also observed in Korea. Using vital statistics records for marriages and divorces registered between 1991 and 2006, the authors calculated cumulative probabilities of divorce, by marriage cohort (N = 5,734,577) and educational attainment. The results indicated that the relationship between education and divorce was negative even in the earliest cohort and that this negative gradient has become more pronounced in more recent cohorts. Contrary to expectations, however, little evidence was found that the concentration of divorce at lower levels of education was exacerbated by the Asian economic crisis in the late 1990s. The authors discuss these findings in light of conventional emphases on the costs of divorce and highlight the importance of better understanding this distinctive east Asia pattern of divorce. (Contains 1 table, 4 figures, and 1 note.)

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated path model in order to explore user acceptance of long-term evolution (LTE) services by examining potential causal relationships between key psychological factors and user intention to use the services. Design/methodology/approach: Online survey data collected from 1,344 users are analysed with the structural equation modelling (SEM) method. Findings: Results reveal that satisfaction is the most crucial factor contributing to user intention to use LTE services. Other factors, including perceived usefulness, attitude, and system and service quality, also have notable impacts on user intention. Furthermore, system and service quality is affected by both perceived processing speed and perceived mobility, while perceived usefulness is primarily influenced by perceived adaptivity. In addition, four factors (perceived usefulness, adaptivity, processing speed, and system and service quality) are found to be major determinants of the user attitudes toward the services. Originality/value: The present study provides valuable insights to understanding key factors that affect user perceptions of and intention to use LTE services. (Contains 6 tables and 3 figures.)

Objective: Accurate prognostication is important for patients and their families to prepare for the end of life. Objective Prognostic Score (OPS) is an easy-to-use tool that does not require the clinicians' prediction of survival (CPS), whereas Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP) needs CPS. Thus, inexperienced clinicians may hesitate to use PaP. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of OPS compared with PaP in inpatients in palliative care units (PCUs) in three East Asian countries.Method: This study was a secondary analysis of a cross-cultural, multicenter cohort study. We enrolled inpatients with far-advanced cancer in PCUs in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan from 2017 to 2018. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve to compare the accuracy of OPS and PaP.Results: A total of 1,628 inpatients in 33 PCUs in Japan and Korea were analyzed. OPS and PaP were calculated in 71.7% of the Japanese patients and 80.0% of the Korean patients. In Taiwan, PaP was calculated for 81.6% of the patients. The AUROC for 3-week survival was 0.74 for OPS in Japan, 0.68 for OPS in Korea, 0.80 for PaP in Japan, and 0.73 for PaP in Korea. The AUROC for 30-day survival was 0.70 for OPS in Japan, 0.71 for OPS in Korea, 0.79 for PaP in Japan, and 0.74 for PaP in Korea.Significance Of Results: Both OPS and PaP showed good performance in Japan and Korea. Compared with PaP, OPS could be more useful for inexperienced physicians who hesitate to estimate CPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of IABP for shockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) for non-traumatic shockable OHCA patients was associated with favorable neurological outcomes. Methods: From the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest registry, a nationwide multicenter prospective registry, we enrolled adult patients with non-traumatic and shockable OHCA for whom resuscitation was attempted, and who were transported to participating hospitals between 2014 and 2019. The primary outcome was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes after OHCA. After adopting the propensity score (PS) inverse probability of weighting (IPW), we evaluated the association between IABP and favorable neurological outcomes. Results: Of 57,754 patients in the database, we included a total of 2738 adult non-traumatic shockable patients. In the original cohort, the primary outcome was lower in the IABP group (OR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)), 0.57 (0.48–0.68), whereas, in the IPW cohort, it was not different between patients with and without IABP (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.91–1.53). Conclusion: In adult patients with non-traumatic shockable OHCA, IABP use was not associated with 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]