We examine variations in nongovernmental organizations' (NGOs') responses to post- 2001 changes in counterterrorism regulations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. We connect the presence of different ideal type responses- hiding, shirking, vocal opposition, participating, and litigating-to the extent of change in regulations, the degree of uncertainty (and risk) created by new regulations, and the availability of political institutions for NGO participation in policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]