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The serious consequences of the last tsunamis that occurred in India in 2004 and in Japan in 2011 have attracted the attention of engineers and specialists in order to develop tools to calculate, to verify and to assess the vulnerability of buildings against this devastating disaster. The objective of the present work is to establish a comparative study of the behavior of metallic structures and the ones of reinforced concrete under the effect of the forces generated by the tsunami waves. For this purpose, a simplified modeling of tsunamic forces has been established on the basis of experimental models expressing the intensity of these forces as a function of time. Then, the time history methods and the Pushover analysis have been combined in order to establish the capacity curves. Then, the vulnerability criteria of each one of the studied structures have been determined under the effect of the tsunamic solicitations. This will evaluate the performance of both materials based on the different degrees of damage recorded. Thanks to the simplified modeling of the tsunami forces proposed in this comparative study, it has been possible to perform the time history analysis of the two types of structures. The result obtained can be used for the benefit of the concerned officials in the design and programming of the development plans of the highly exposed coastal cities and to establish a judicious choice of the types of materials adapted to this kind of disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the development of a law of visco-elastic behaviour with one-sided damage for the bituminous materials, based on the observation of the essays of direct break on film of asphalt between two hemispheres of metal. The essays of fatigue of the bituminous materials realized on test tubes lead a loss of rigidity combined in a significant extension of test tubes at the beginning of the essay for strong levels of solicitation. It will also present a structure design of the asphalt pavement in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is in the context of the dimensioning methods of the flexible pavement. It concentrates on the problems of the taking into account of the loads of traffic according to the probabilistic parameters of the temperature, particularly for the analytical or incremental methods. After having presented the method of characterization of the bitumen binders according to their viscoelastic behavior to Morocco and Japan and the factors influencing the bearing capacity between these two countries. We are interested this time in dimensioning of a Moroccan flexible pavement with the incremental method of Japan. In these last, the deformations due to the loads of traffic, given on the basis of linear elastic modeling of the roadways (model of Burmister), are used for the estimate of the lifespan of the roadway. The real loads of traffic of the roadways are diversified of an area with another, as well on the level of their intensity as of their mode of application. It is through this vision of globalization that a comparison between the various models of dimensioning in particular between Morocco and Japan is carried out. Morocco although with these great geographical extents is a country which strongly depends on the climatic risks and although since a certain number of years of vast construction projects of new roadways and handing-over on level of the old roads are launched; one of the disadvantages major of this vast policy is the cost. The comparison compared to Japan seems interesting in measurement or although this country is classified among most advanced economically world, the problems are much more important in measurement or the materials rare on the one hand and are very regulated compared to the environmental laws on the other hand. Thus, it will be a question of presenting the philosophy of Japanese design pavements. Once this solved stage, it will be necessary to adapt methodology to the Moroccan model (drawn from the Moroccan catalog of pavement design) and to check the state of the constraints and deformations under imposed requests. Conclusions and prospects compared to the pavement design could be brought thereafter in order to improve the current methods of pavement design in Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the development of a law of visco-elastic behaviour with one-sided damage for the bituminous materials, based on the observation of the essays of direct break on film of asphalt between two hemispheres of metal. The essays of fatigue of the bituminous materials realized on test tubes lead a loss of rigidity combined in a significant extension of test tubes at the beginning of the essay for strong levels of solicitation. It will also present a structure design of the asphalt pavement in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]