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2 results on '"urogenital infections"'

1. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from the urethra of men with acute urethritis and/or epididymitis.

Author

Deguchi T, Ito S, Hatazaki K, Horie K, Yasuda M, Nakane K, Mizutani K, Tsuchiya T, Yokoi S, Hanaoka N, Shimuta K, Ohnishi M, Muratani T, and Nakano M

Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Epididymitis microbiology, Haemophilus Infections microbiology, Haemophilus influenzae physiology, Humans, Japan, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Moraxella catarrhalis, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Failure, Urethritis microbiology, beta-Lactamases metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Epididymitis drug therapy, Haemophilus Infections drug therapy, Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification, Respiratory Tract Infections drug therapy, Urethra microbiology, Urethritis drug therapy
Abstract

We determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 41 antimicrobial agents for 73 clinical strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from the urethra of men with acute urethritis and/or epididymitis and examined the strains for the production of β-lactamase. We also compared their antimicrobial susceptibilities with those of H. influenzae strains from respiratory tract or otorhinolaryngological infections that were reported in Japan. The proportion of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant strains from acute urethritis and/or epididymitis appeared to be lower, but that of β-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistant strains appeared to be higher, compared with those from respiratory tract or otorhinolaryngological infections. However, their antimicrobial susceptibilities to a variety of other antimicrobial agents would be similar to those from respiratory tract or otorhinolaryngological infections. Almost all of the strains of H. influenzae from acute urethritis and/or epididymitis were susceptible to the agents, including ceftriaxone, quinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, commonly prescribed for treatment of acute urethritis based on the MIC breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Ceftriaxone and quinolones could be effective on H. influenzae-induced urethritis. However, azithromycin treatment failures were reported in acute urethritis caused by H. influenzae strains considered susceptible to azithromycin. Further studies will be needed to determine MIC breakpoints of antimicrobial agents, which are recommended for treatment of urogenital infections, for H. influenzae strains causing these infections. Nevertheless, this study provides useful data regarding antimicrobial susceptibilities of H. influenzae strains isolated from the urogenital tract, which have rarely been studied., (Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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2. Short-term impacts of sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese clinical practice: considerations for their appropriate use to avoid serious adverse events.

Author

Yabe D, Nishikino R, Kaneko M, Iwasaki M, and Seino Y

Subjects
Animals, Blood Glucose drug effects, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Insulin metabolism, Insulin Secretion, Japan, Time Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Abstract

Sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a novel class of glucose-lowering agents that lower plasma glucose levels through pharmacological inhibition of glucose reuptake from the kidney, independent of insulin secretion and action. Clinical trials of SGLT2i demonstrated therapeutic benefits on glycemic control and bodyweight in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with few cases of serious adverse events (SAEs). However, a considerable number of SAEs were reported in patients receiving SGLT2i clinically in Japan during the first 3 months of their use. These included urogenital infections, hypoglycemia and dehydration. Unexpectedly, serious skin and subcutaneous disorders, mainly reported as generalized rash or skin eruption, were prominent in patients receiving SGLT2i, but with unknown mechanisms. There is also concern for potential SAEs associated with chronic SGLT2i administration, especially in the non-obese type 2 diabetes characterized by reduced insulin secretion often seen in East Asia. Chronic SAEs may include severe hypoglycemia due to depletion of hepatic glycogen storage, acceleration of diabetes-associated sarcopenia and ketosis/ketoacidosis. The current information on acute SAEs confirms the importance of caution in the appropriate use of SGLT2i. Furthermore, careful long-term observation of patients receiving SGLT2i is essential to avoid SAEs and for better clinical use of this drug class.

Published
2015
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