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Four new species of the family Pauropodidae are described from East China: Allopauropus lasiochlamis sp. nov. and Donzelotauropus lanceus sp. nov. from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, and Allopauropus tetrachotomous sp. nov. and Allopauropus tristylus sp. nov. from Qixia Mountain, Jiangsu Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of upper limbs' encircling motion (ULEM) apparatus on motor function of patients with stroke. Study design: This study adopted a single-blind, prospective, randomized control design. From July 2003 to September 2005, 44 inpatients suffering from stroke in Jiangsu Province Hospital were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were randomized into two groups. Interventions: Group A received ULEM therapy and conventional physical therapy (PT) aand group B received PT only. Blood pressure, pulse, Brunnstrom stage and Barthel Index were tested before and after 20 days' treatment. Results: In group A, according to Brunnstrom stage, the effective rates of hand, upper extremities and lower extremities were 20.0%, 80.0% and 100.0%, respectively, and the total effective rate improved significantly compared to that of group B (p < 0.05), especially lower extremities (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in Barthel Indexes between two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ULEM apparatus can significantly improve integrative motor function of extremities of patients with stroke. It is a safe and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors in China and other southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand. Vector control is considered to be the critical measure for malaria control, while the increasing prevalence of insecticide resistance caused by long-term use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids, is threatening the successful control of An. sinensis. In order to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms involved and molecular basis, the principal malaria vector, An. sinensis from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Southeast China, was investigated. Methods: The adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled from multiple sites across Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and sufficient mosquitoes collected from eleven sites for insecticide susceptibility bioassays. The DIIS4–DIIS6 region of the para-type sodium channel gene was amplified and sequenced, then multiple PCR and Taqman assays were used to assess the frequencies of kdr mutations at the target gene. Results: In the present study, most of the adult An. sinensis populations were pyrethroids resistant, which indicated the presence of kdr resistance mutations in the para-type sodium channel gene. Sequence analyses demonstrated the kdr mutation existed at codon 1014 in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. In adult An. sinensis, three mutant types (TTT L1014F, TTC L1014F, and TGT L1014C) of kdr alleles were detected, while no wild type (TTG L1014) was observed. The TTC L1014F mutation was first reported in Anhui province. Conclusions: The highly polymorphic kdr alleles were observed in all the adult An. sinensis populations, which suggested that in-depth studies are required for carrying on insecticide resistance monitoring and specific resistance mechanisms studying into establish effective long-term malaria vector control program in eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]