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Using the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) method, we decomposed the factors affecting the increments in CO 2 emissions in China's Jiangsu Province. A comparative analysis of these factors at the holistic, sectoral, and sub-sectoral levels revealed that the effects related to the province's economic growth; in particular, the transfers-out and investment effects greatly increased Jiangsu's CO 2 emissions. Overall, the import and export effects increased the emissions, reflecting the deteriorating foreign trade structure from the perspective of the emissions reduction. The energy intensity reduced Jiangsu's CO 2 emissions greatly, whereas the energy structure had only a slight effect, which shows the high energy efficiency and inappropriate energy structure. The technology effect had a relatively slight reducing impact on the CO 2 emissions compared with the other effects, so the input and output efficiency in Jiangsu had not yet been significantly improved. On the whole, the transfers-out, investment, and export effects increased the CO 2 emissions in all sectors and subsectors, whereas the other effects on the increments in Jiangsu's CO 2 emissions in the sectors and industrial subsectors differed greatly. Some policy implications arising from our study results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]