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Application of physical modification techniques such as the radiation of gamma rays could induce rust resistance and improve the performance of wheat plants through the development of new products. During the growing seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, two field experiments were done to see how well five types of bread wheat (NING MAI 50-0CHN, SAKHA 93, GIZA 168, SIDS 12, and SKAUZ) did when they were exposed to 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Kr of gamma rays. The experiments looked at how well the rust was controlled, how much yield was produced, and how the seedlings grew. Results showed that wheat genotypes significantly differed in rust infection and other parameters in both seasons at different gamma-ray ratios. Sakha 93 gave high resistance to yellow rust with high seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index 2, but Giza 168 gave the highest leaf rust resistance with increased doses of gamma rays. On the other hand, the SKAUZ genotype surpassed other genotypes in germination percentage and grain yield in both seasons. A dose of 25 kr was the most beneficial for rust resistance and yield attributes in comparison to the control, while a dose of 5 kr caused improvement in seedling parameters. Results exhibited that the interaction effect between wheat genotypes and gamma rays was significant on all studied traits in both seasons. Finally, it is concluded that gamma rays play an important role in inducing rust resistance and improving grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eight F2 populations of crosses carried out between the resistant cultivar Amigo and 8 susceptible bread wheat cultivars were evaluated to study the inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew (Pm) caused by Blumeria. graminis f.sp. tritici and also to estimate the number and action of genes related to adult plant resistance. The response to powdery mildew disease was studied in a conditioned glass house and natural infection in the open field. Individual plants were scored and classified as resistant or susceptible according to a specific scale. The tested local wheat cultivars showed susceptible responses at both seedling and adult stages, while the Amigo cultivar was susceptible at seedling stage and resistant at adult stage. The F2 plants of all tested crosses were susceptible at seedling stage and resistant at the adult stage. Obtained results revealed that the inheritance of resistance is ruled by a single gene in the crosses Amigo/Sids12 and Amigo/Misr2; and by two recessive genes in Amigo/Gemmeiza 11 cross. The inheritance of resistance in F2 populations of Amigo/Sakha 95, and Amigo/Giza 171 crosses is controlled by two dominant genes, while in Amigo/Gemmeiza 12, Amigo/Sakha 94 and Amigo/Misr1 crosses is conditioned by two incompatible dominant genes. Sakha 95 and Giza 171 wheat cultivars were the best and suitable for transferring the adult plant resistance gene Pm17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wheat breeders have to determine the new cultivars and lines responsive to the environmental changes for grain yield and yield components. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate 20 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes including 9 registered cultivars and 11 promising lines for their stability grown in five different locations (EL-Gemmeiza, Sakha, Nubaria, Sids and Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station) for three growing seasons (2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012), and to select genotypes having desirable traits to be used in twenty bread wheat genotypes. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at each location. Number of spikes per square meter, number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield of the genotypes were evaluated in each location.The AMMI analysis showed that (73.79,57.28,47.27 and 22.51%) of the total squares were due to environmental impacts (1.72, 4.96, 4.01 and 20.37) to genetic effects (13.65, 24.44, 27.76, and 32.4%) of the effects GEI on the grain yield, the number of spikes / m², number of kernels / spike and 1000- kernel weight, respectively. The genetics (GEI) were divided into three axes for the analysis of the reaction components (IPCA) of the grain yield and its components. The results showed that IPCAs were of great importance. Three IPCAs (55.77,63.76,61.45 and 67.38%) represented the interaction variation of the grain yield, the number of spikes / m 2, the number of kernels / spike and the weight of 1000 -grain, respectively. The most stable genotypes were Giza 168, G18, G13, Gemmeiza11 and G10 with high yield potential. For grain yield. The best genotypes with respect to E5 and E14 were Sids12 and Masr1. For E13, E3, E2 and E7 as well as for G20 and G 17. For E6, E1 and E15, were G11. The E4 had Sids13 and shandaweel1. E9, E11, E8 and E12 were the G12. E1, E9 and E13 were also the most distinct environments. For grain yield. The most stable genotypes were G18, G16, Masr2, G13and G20 with high production potential, For recorded Gemmeiza 11 genotypes at environments E15, E10, E8, E3, E9, E5, E13, E4 and E12. For E6, E2, E1, E7 and E11 were Sids13. It also shows that E1 and E6 are the most distinct environments. For Number of spike/m² The most stable genotypes were G19, G13, G15 Sids13and G14 with high production potential for Number of kernels/spike. The best genotype namely G20 were E7, E12, E2, E8. and G10 for E1, E13, E3 and E10. For E5, E15 and E4, they were G1. For E9, E6 and E14 were Shandaweel1. It also shows that E14, E15, E5 and E4 were the most distinctive environments. for Number of kernels/spike. The most stable genotypes were Masr2, Sids12, Sids13 G12 and G13 with high potential, The best genotypes with respect at environment number E4, E5, E7, E10, E14 and E15 were Gemmeiza11. For environment number E6 and E1were genotype number G17.At environment number E3, E19 and E13 were genotypes number G19.The best distinct environment number E1 and E9 for the 1000 kernel-weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted in 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12 wheat growing seasons at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Egypt. The analysis of gene effects used the means of six populations: P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2; of the three bread wheat crosses to estimate genetic parameters. These crosses were Giza 168 x Sids 13, Gemmeiza 9 × Misr 2 and Sids 12 × Misr 2 generated from five diverse parents. Means of the six generations were recorded for seven characters. i.e. number of days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height. number of spikes per plant. number of kernels per spike, 100-kernel weight and grain yield per plant. Analyzed data revealed that there were variations among parental genotypes for all studied characters in all crosses except for number of kernels per spike in the first cross. days to physiological maturity and plant height in the second cross and grain yield per plant in the third cross. The genetic variance among F2 plants was significant for all studied characters in the three crosses. Generation mean analysis using scaling test (A, B and C) indicated the presence of digenic epistasis for all studied characters in the three crosses except for kernel weight in the second cross. The additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects were important in controlling the inheritance of number of kernels per spike in the first cross, days to heading in the second cross and kernel weight in the third cross. Heterosis compared to mid-parent and better parent were found to be significantly positive for plant height in the first two crosses. number of spikes per plant in the second cross and grain yield per plant in the third one. The inbreeding depressions were highly significant and positive for all studied characters in the three crosses except for days to heading in the first cross. Heritability estimates in broad and narrow senses were generally moderate to high for most studied characters in the three crosses. Meanwhile, the values of heritability in narrow sense were low for number of kernels per spike, kernel weight and grain yield per plant in the cross Giza 168 x Sids 13. The expected genetic advance from selection estimates in the F2 were low for number of kernels per spike and kernel weight in the first cross. days to heading in the second cross and days to physiological maturity in the third one. Variance component estimates revealed that additive genetic variance (σ²D) was larger than dominance variance (σ²H) for all characters in most crosses. The average degree of dominance as indicated by (H1/D)1/2 was less than unity for days to heading, plant height and grain yield per plant in the second cross as well as for kernel weight in the third one. Also, it was less than unity for days to physiological maturity in the first and third crosses, number of kernels per spike in the last two crosses and number of spikes per plant in the three crosses indicating the presence of partial dominance. On the contrary, the same parameter was more than unity for plant height, number of kernels per spike. kernel weight and grain yield per plant in the first cross as well as grain yield in the third cross indicating the presence of over- dominance. Based on these results, the second cross: Geinmeiza 9 x Misr 2 could be selected for obtaining plants having high grain yield. Moreover, the first cross: Giza 168 Sids 13 is promising for selecting early mature plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]