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Improving the quantity and quality of olive oil extraction is considered crucial for producers not only in Jordan but also worldwide. The present study aimed to enhance olive oil yield from olive fruits without compromising its quality by applying an enzymatic treatment technique during the malaxation stage of the oil extraction process. The enzymes that were utilized in this study were cellulase, pectinase, and a mixture of both enzymes at a ratio of (1:1). The enzymes and their mixture each added at concentrations of 0.02 %, 0.04 % 0.06 %, 0.08 %, 0.10 %, and 0.12 % (w/w). Two Jordanian olive cultivars, Nabali Baladi (NB) and Nabali Muhassan (NM), in their immature state, were selected for the enzymatic treatment. The olive oil yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the enzymatic treatment. The increments in yield were 4.38 % (at an enzymatic concentration of 0.08 %), 3.29 % (at 0.1 %), and 5.25% (at 0.12 %) for NB treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The increments in oil yield were 4.08 % (at 0.1%), 3.09 % (at 0.12%), and 4.5 (at 0.08%) for NM treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The percent increments were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for NB than for NM. The quality parameters in terms of acidity, peroxide value and UV-extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm were not significantly affected in any of the treatment groups when compared to those of control samples. The content of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherols, chlorophylls, and carotene was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both oils in all enzymatic treatments than in the control, resulting in an increased oxidative stability, as revealed by Rancimat analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-twoPectobacteriumisolates were recovered from contaminated soil and rotted vegetables in Jordan. Twenty of them were belonged to;Pectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.Carotovorum(Pbc) (=Erwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora), 11 isolates were belonged toPectobacterium atrospeticum(=Erwinia carotovorasubsp.atroseptica) (Pba) and 11 isolates were not classifiable (Pbs). Maceration activity of the 42 proved their ability to macerate potato, carrot and radish slices. Maceration activity of the isolates either of the same subspecies or in between the isolates of different subspecies isolated from the same host or from different hosts was varied. The measured concentration in μM ml−1of both cellulase and pectinase enzymes was variable too. The Rapid amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR finger printing of total genomic DNA using a pair of 10-mer oligonucleotide primers amplification showed similar DNA bands with some polymorphic variations amongst the isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]