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In order to understand how faculty members, feel about using Moodle as a learning management system (LMS) tool for teaching and learning in Jordanian universities, a mixed-methods study was conducted. Surveys and interviews were used to gather the data. 270 professors from three Jordanian universities took part in the study. The results show that while the participating faculty members thought using Moodle in instruction was a useful teaching tool, they weren't happy with it. The Internet crisis, interaction, the need for education for electronic platforms, online tests, and self-regulation were among the difficulties mentioned by these participants. The potential use of Moodle in education is encouraged through pedagogical implication. In conclusion, the implementation of the Moodle system for distance learning has been very remarkable in recent years. The effectiveness of its use depends on the active involvement of business managers and the willingness of teachers to adopt e-learning. By addressing the challenges ahead and providing incentives for faculty, universities can ensure success and use of the system. As the use of the Moodle LMS continues to grow, it is important to focus on the development of the tool and provide ongoing support to improve its effectiveness and impact on distance education.

Educators used distance education to respond to the Corona pandemic. The research question focuses on teachers' perceptions toward the use of ICT competencies in distance education, taking training courses into account. The study included 206 primary school teachers from Jordan's northern schools. A questionnaire designed specifically for this study was used, and its validity and reliability coefficient of 0.82 was confirmed. The findings revealed statistically significant variations in the sign of the training courses variable in favor of the teachers who got training. It is frequently regarded as insufficient by teachers' perspectives on the application of ICT competencies. As a result, respondents understand the necessity for and importance of using ICT for distance preparation and teaching and consider it a vital component of their professional development. The findings recommended incorporating competencies linked to teaching online (electronic course management, computer applications, networking, and educational materials creation), into training programs.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) became a global thought and the responsibility of their implementation reset on governments, institutions and even individuals, so that, it is necessary to assess the level of people's understanding of these goals in order to support any subsequent measures related to its implementation, When the university students understand the scope of SDGs, they can contribute to support, encourage, and achieve the development. This study aimed at assessing the level of understanding on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among university students at scientific colleges in Yarmouk University, Jordan. Data for this research are collected by electronic test, its validity and reliability was verified. The research sample consisted of 362 male and female students. This research analyzes data by using descriptive statistics and Four-Way ANOVA. The results show that scientific students' understanding of SDGs was low, with an average of (11.09) degrees and a percentage (44.36%), and there were no significant differences for college type, gender, year of study and their academic grade. This research recommend Universities to focus on SDGs in the educational process by studying elective courses for university students that focus on the importance of the sustainable development goals and how to achieve them.

This current study aims at investigating the impact of using inductive and deductive teaching upon EFL undergraduate students' achievement at the Hashemite University. More specifically, the study attempts to explore the effect of using inductive and deductive approach on students' achievement in some grammatical issues included a book adopted for teaching Grammar 2 in the Department of English Language and Literature. The research instrument used is a pre-post-test developed by the researchers. Two groups of students are chosen for the purpose of the study. Whereas the experimental group was taught through inductive approach, the controlled group was taught through the deductive approach. Results show significant differences between the means of students' scores in the two groups on the post-test, in favor of the experimental group. Results also reveal no significant differences according to study-year, the type of school they graduated from, and gender. In light of these results, the researchers suggest some recommendations for TEFL researchers and EFL instructors.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which genetic factors play key roles. Limited research has been conducted on genetic testing of children with autism spectrum disorder in low middle-income countries. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric neurology clinics of three university hospitals in Jordan. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder who received care at these hospitals. Research personnel interviewed the parents and completed a questionnaire. A total of 274 parents were interviewed. A minority of children received chromosomal microarray (14.6%) or fragile X syndrome (4.4%) testing, as recommended by clinical guidelines. Karyotyping was performed in 103 (37.6%) patients, and whole-exome sequencing was performed in 9 (3.3%). The most common reason for not performing the recommended diagnostic investigations was that they were not ordered by the physician (185; 67.5%). The majority of children underwent non-genetic evaluations, including brain magnetic resonance imaging (222; 81.0%), electroencephalogram (221; 80.7%), and brain computed tomography scans (136; 49.6%). Only a minority of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan receive genetic workup, which may reflect a gap in physicians' knowledge of clinical guidelines, as well as the availability and affordability of these tests.

This study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to predict pedestrian compliance at crosswalks in urban settings in Jordan, aiming to enhance pedestrian safety and traffic management. Utilizing data from 2437 pedestrians at signalized intersections in Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa, four models based on different ML algorithms were developed: an artificial neural network (ANN), a support vector machine (SVM), a decision tree (ID3), and a random forest (RF). The results have shown that local infrastructure and traffic conditions influence pedestrian behavior. The RF model, with its excellent accuracy and precision, has proven to be an excellent choice for accurately predicting pedestrian behavior. This research provides valuable insights into the demographic and spatial aspects that influence pedestrian compliance with laws and regulations in the local environment. Additionally, this work highlights the ability of ML algorithms to improve urban traffic dynamics. Policymakers and urban planners, particularly with the rise of theories and trends toward the humanization of urban roads, should firmly establish this understanding among themselves to create environments that make pedestrians safer. This strategy could be a measurable solution for international urban situations if future research focuses on integrating these prediction models with real-time traffic management systems to improve pedestrian safety dynamically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Our study conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan offers a comprehensive exploration of the correlation between specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Serpin B family and the prognosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) patients. We reveal that individuals with the G/T genotype of the rs4940595 (Serpinb11) SNP experience worse prognostic outcomes in Jordan compared to those with the G/G-T/T genotype. Additionally, we introduce a Serpin B-related 5-gene risk score and employ bioinformatics analyses with the TCGA-GBM cohort, highlighting the significant association of the Serpin B family with implications for predicting progression-free survival. Pioneering in investigating Serpinb11 SNPs in the Jordanian population, our study establishes a foundation for future research into targeted therapies and precision medicine, closing the gap between genetic variations and clinical outcomes in the context of GBM. Serpins are serine proteinase inhibitors, with several serpins being overexpressed in cancer cells. Thus, we aim to analyze the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Serpinb11 and its association with GBM survival. A cohort of 63 GBM patients recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan underwent polymorphism analysis and overall survival (OS) assessments. The Cancer Genome Atlas (GBM) cohort was useful for validation. We constructed a risk score using the principal component analysis for the following Serpin genes: Serpinb3, Serpinb5, Serpinb6, Serpinb11, and Serpinb12, and patients were grouped into high- vs. low-risk groups based on the median cutoff. Univariable Cox models were used to study the survival outcomes. We identified a significant association between rs4940595 and survival. In the TCGA cohort, Serpinb3 alterations showed worse OS. Univariable Cox showed worse PFS outcomes with higher SERPINB5 and SERPINB6 expression. A Serpin B 5-gene risk score showed a trend towards worse PFS in the high-risk group. Upregulated DEGs showed GO enrichment in cytokine regulation and production, positive regulation of leukocyte activation, and the MAPK cascade. The high-risk group showed a significantly higher infiltration of M2 macrophages and activated mast cells. Our findings showed a significant role of the Serpin B family in GBM survival in the Jordanian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to identify the psychological and social factors responsible for university violence as perceived by Princess Rahma University College students. Method: A descriptive analytical approach was used on a sample size of 150 male and female students, identified through cluster random technique. Findings: The study showed that social factors were found to be more significant than the psychological factors in causing university violence among university students. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the psychological and social factors responsible for violence due to the gender variable; it showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables (specialization, place of residence). Based on the results of the study. Implications for Research and Practice: The study findings would have useful implications, theoretically and practically. This study makes several recommends such as implementing training programs to educate students in universities about the factors that cause university violence; activating the role of university counsellors in developing the values of tolerance and democracy; and rejecting differences and nurturing tolerance to accept other students as peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuff stones are volcanic sedimentary rocks formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash. They possess unique geological properties that make them attractive for a variety of construction and architectural applications. Considerable amounts and various types of Tuff stones exist in the eastern part of Jordan. However, the use of Tuff stones often requires experimental investigations that can significantly impact the accuracy of their physical and mechanical characteristics. To ensure consistent and predictable properties in their mix design, it is essential to minimize the effects of these experimental procedures. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a promising tool to address such challenges, leveraging their ability to analyze complex data and optimize concrete mix design. In this research, ANNs have been used to predict the optimum content of Tuff fine aggregate to produce structural lightweight concrete with a wide range (20 to 50 MPa) of compressive strength. Three different types of Tuff aggregates, namely gray, brown, and yellow Tuff, were experimentally investigated. A set of 68 mixes was produced by varying the fine-tuff aggregate content from 0 to 50%. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for their compressive strength. These samples were then used to form the input dataset and targets for ANN. ANN was created by incorporating the recent advancements in deep learning algorithms, and then it was trained, validated using data collected from the literature, and tested. Both experimental and ANN results showed that the optimum content of the various types of used Tuff fine aggregate ranges between 20 to 25%. The results revealed that there is a clear agreement between the predicted values using ANN and the experimental ones. The use of ANNs may help to cut costs, save time, and expand the applications of Tuff aggregate in lightweight concrete production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two major characteristics that can impact the frequency and severity of traffic crashes are average speed and speed variance. This paper investigated these characteristics on 49 multilane highway segments in Jordan and developed prediction models for three different conditions: free (no enforcement), camera, and police enforcement. Speed data were collected during off-peak periods with fair weather conditions. Multiple linear regressions and nonlinear regressions were used to develop speed variance and average speed models. For the free condition, speed variance mainly depends on the difference between design speed and speed limit (DS-SL), with the speed variance decreasing as the difference reduces, while the average speed was positively correlated with the design speed. Camera enforcement causes speed variance and average speed to be positively correlated and linearly dependent with the speed limit. A quadratic relationship was found between speed variance during police enforcement and DS-SL, while the average speed during police enforcement depended on the speed limit and design speed. These modeling results, along with analysis of the collected data, can help operating agencies and roadway designers determine how various enforcement strategies affect average speed and speed variance and better set speed limits on existing and future roadways to improve safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various aspects of lifestyle seem to change during confinement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examines confinement's effects on tobacco smoking habits (SH). Methods: A survey was distributed among adults living in Jordan (age >18 years) of both genders during April-May of 2020, of which 1925 responded to the survey. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 33.3%, 46.1%, and 21.1% for cigarettes (Cg), waterpipe (Wp), and E-cigarettes (ECg), respectively. Among the smokers, 38.5–45.8% reported a "no-change," while 32.1–41.7% reported a "decrease" in SH during confinement. On the other hand, 18.0–22.1% reported an "increase" in the SH. However, concerning the factors that might affect SH, the results showed that age, gender, income, and job sector contribute to the observed changes. Conclusions: Changes in the SH during COVID-19 have been reported in about 50% of participants who smoke tobacco, with a more reported decrease than increase in use. Studies and interventions are needed to confirm further and understand the current results and discourage smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan imports 94% of its oil and gas (fossil fuel) to meet its energy needs, making the country vulnerable to fluctuations in fuel prices. Jordan's energy demand is growing by 3% annually mainly because of the growth of the residential sector, the government has set a target of meeting 10% of energy demand from renewable energy sources. We proposed a design solution of four floors of housing consisting 2 flats each, using the facades of a building as a Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV), and evaluate the energy that a Photovoltaic(PV) system could yield by new facades design, we take an example of a real house designed here in Amman, Jordan using Cells as integrated elements on facades and roofs, We will use simulation to determine energy yielded for each intended elevation, by taking the most traditional sample of apartment housing in Jordan, then using Revit Architecture for 3d modeling the two-dimensional design by AutoCAD program, to get plans for the house in one of the 3D modeling programs, in an exact copy of the building with the same spaces, heights, and technical factors. Then assuring the location of newly designed PV Panels by skelion application that approve distances between PV panels on the roof, then using Solar GIS to calculate the radiation for all orientating to facades according to selected location, and lastly using equations to get the results. The results of the simulations indicate that the efficiency of using PV panels in an integrated way is more efficient in winter than in summer, covering the need for an apartment which has an area of 170,175 m2 as an energy source through solar panels, and part of the roof was also used. The result was that we can generate about 18,648 kWh per year, which is 42% of the total energy, if the integrated PV panels in the railing elements on the south facade are used, and about 9,720 kWh, which is 22% of the total energy, if the integrated PV panels on the west or east facades are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a comparative study between hybrid and distance learning techniques is developed. The research presented herein has been conducted to identify the impacts of both hybrid learning and distance learning techniques on engineering students by considering one of the core undergraduate level courses in Mechanical Engineering, namely automatic control at a large public university in Jordan. The experiment has featured classroom data collection from students by using a questionnaire throughout two semesters. The first semester has adopted the distance learning technique, while the second semester has adopted the hybrid learning technique for the same course, with 34, and 31 students participated in the questioner, respectively. A statistical analysis for the data collected from students referring to the level of satisfaction for the way the material has been delivered to them, has been conducted to perform a comparison between the two approaches. A strength of this study is that the questioner data have been collected at key points throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and when lockdown has been forced by the government and the distance learning has been the only choice, and when the hybrid learning has been permitted in the second semester, allowing understanding and being able to distinguish between the hybrid and distance learning techniques from the students' perspective. Results shows that the majority of the students have recommended the hybrid learning over the distance learning for this course. They have emphasized on the many advantages of such learning technique. The majority has also agreed on the many disadvantages of the distance learning technique for such engineering course. By combining these insights, recommendations for universities, including further improvement of the hybrid learning for engineering education, and most importantly, the fact that distance learning for engineering education has many disadvantages, have been made. Based on the study developed, this learning technique is not recommended for engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the decision-making styles of department chairs employed by three public institutions in Jordan. A total of 95 department chairs participated in the study by completing the General Decision-Making Styles survey. The results indicated that department chairs under study have the rational decision-making style as their primary style (following a systematic approach to evaluate options and arrive at one optimal solution) and the dependent style as their backup style (consult with others in the organization when making important decisions). Moreover, there were no significant differences between decision-making styles and the proposed demographic variables (faculty and experience). Finally, several recommendations were suggested for the field of study. (Contains 4 tables.)

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This research was conducted in Amman-Zarqa basin (Upper Cretaceous system) which hosts the main aquifer of Jordan. The region has intensive anthropogenic activities and the geology is dominated by phosphate rocks, which contain high concentrations of uranium. The study aimed to evaluate the water quality and the radioactivity exposure from intake of radionuclides contained in water and assessed through total alpha, total beta, 238U, and 232Th activity concentrations. Groundwater samples were collected from 29 boreholes for determination of major ions and radionuclide concentrations. The sampling was carried out during the rainy season (February) and dry season (June) of 2019 in order to assess the seasonal variation of analyte concentrations. The mean concentrations of major ions varied between seasons as follows: chloride (Cl−1) 162 to 180 µg L−1, sulfate (SO4−2) 47 to 57 µg L−1, bicarbonate (HCO3−1) 288 to 313 µg L−1, and nitrate (NO3−) 42 to 50 µg L−1, in February and June respectively. The ion concentrations of potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+2), nitrate (NO3−), sulphate (SO4−2), and chloride (Cl−) as well as radioactivity levels were within regulatory limits, whereas calcium (Ca+2) and bicarbonate (HCO3−1) concentrations were higher than the recommended limits in national legislation. Statistical test (ANOVA) results indicated significant differences between seasons for Mg+2, NO3−, SO4−2 concentrations. The ion chemistry of groundwater was dominated by HCO3−, Cl−, Na+ and Ca+2, with minor contributions from SO4−2, NO3−, K+ and Mg+2. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater radionuclides, based on total alpha and total beta activity averaged 0.49 mSv y−1 corresponding to a risk of an extra cancer over lifetime of 25 × 10–4, which is comparable to the national admissible cancer risk limit of 25 × 10–4. The results of this study were compared with national and international water quality standards. Several water parameters attained the recommended limits for the protection of public health, and a thorough water quality monitoring programme and enhanced measures for protection of the aquifer are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current explanations in the cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding literature suffer from two problems. The first is a lack of cogent explanation of cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding from social exchange theory (SET) perspective. The second is the unexplained attenuating propensity of justice on the connection between cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding, more specifically, interactional justice. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses a simple random sampling method to obtain cross-sectional data from 223 employees working in IT and telecommunication service companies in Jordan. The obtained data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique also known as variance-based structural equation modeling. Findings: By applying SET theoretical lens and PLS-SEM, the authors show that cyber incivility exerts strong impact on knowledge hoarding, and interactional justice may not always function as a buffer. That is, the association between cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding is not impacted by interactional justice levels. Originality/value: The contribution of this paper builds on the lack of practical comprehension on the association between cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding and the role played by interactional justice. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the trends in the traffic fatality rate per 100,000 population, population growth, gross domestic product (GDP), and registered vehicles per 100,000 population over 39 years (from 1981 to 2020). Traffic accidents data were obtained from the Jordan Public Security Directorate (JPSD) published reports for the selected years in Jordan. Data were analyzed to predict the annual fatality rate using time-series, curve estimation, and multiple linear regression models. Among the various available models for curve estimation, the cubic model outperformed the rest by capturing 79.4% of the variance. Also, multiple linear regression results showed that increasing the length of the road network can play a role in decreasing the fatality rate of road accidents. While time series analysis offers numerous techniques, it is determined that the Jordanian fatality rate is best suited for using the exponential smoothing approach. Results indicated that the time series model produces the lowest mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE), followed by multiple linear regression, and finally by the curve estimate (cubic) model. It is essential to see how these variables have changed over the study period, which helps decision-makers, engineers, and researchers predict future trends and suggest suitable measures to lower the fatality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate red-light violations and their influencing factors at traffic signals in four major cities in Jordan. Field data was collected from 30 traffic signals in Amman, Zarqa, Jerash and Irbid cities. The intersection type, leg grade and speed of the subject's approach data was collected through field surveys and measurements, while the red-light violation data was collected from the recorded videos. The study analysis showed that among 3,444 drivers who had the chance to violate a red light, 436 (12.66%) drivers ran a red light. Pickup drivers had the highest violation rate among all drivers, with a rate of 21.4%, while heavy-vehicle drivers showed the lowest percentage of violation, at 11.18% for buses and 8.24% for trucks. The analysis showed that four-leg intersections had a higher violation rate than three-leg intersections. Also, drivers tended to show more violations on upgrade intersection approaches, with almost the same violation behavior on level and downgrade intersection approaches. According to traffic movement type, the analysis results showed that through-moving vehicles had the highest violation rate among all movement types, followed by left-turners, while the lowest violation rate was observed among U-turn movements. Referring to the location of the intersection, the violation rate was 13.48% in urban areas and 11.37% in sub-urban areas. The results showed that drivers tend to violate red lights more during fall than in spring. It was found that about 21% of drivers who arrived at the intersection at the beginning of red time violated the red light, while only 3.53% violated the red light during the rest of the red time interval. In addition, the percentage of red-light violations was directly proportional to the subject approach speed and total traffic volume entering the intersection and was inversely proportional to the conflicting traffic volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has become an essential source of information during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to understand social media's effect on the general public's fear, degree of adopting precautionary behaviors, and compliance with health authorities' regulations during the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jordan during the early period of COVID-19 pandemic. 827 individuals completed the questionnaire. Factors that had a significant association with increased fear included female gender (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8–3.7), married status (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.4), following medical pages on social media (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.42), and sharing of COVID-19 information on social media (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.8–7.1). The variables that were significantly associated with higher levels of precautionary behaviors were knowledge score (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.07–1.3), feeling of fear (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.71–3.), and following medical pages on social media (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.8–4.24). Regarding compliance with health officials' regulations, social media as a source of information and sharing information were significantly associated with lower odds of compliance with the Ministry of Health's regulations (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.5 and OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.8, respectively). Social media is an essential platform for risk communication during pandemics. It plays a positive role in spreading knowledge and promotes certain preventive behaviors among the public. However, it may spread fear and encourage disruptive behaviors, which might be propagated by sharing the pandemic's news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global COVID-19 outbreak has caused a drastic change in human travel behavior. Most of the measures that have been taken by governments and local authorities involve behavioral changes from citizens to reduce their social contact to a minimum in order to control the spread of the virus. Thus, these actions affect individual activity patterns and transport systems differently. This paper quantifies the impact of COVID-19 on intersection operation performance using data from the control management room at Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) in Jordan. In this paper, the operational performance of one of the heaviest signalized intersections in Amman has been modeled under COVID-19 prevention measures. The intersection's performance has been evaluated under three scenarios, namely, before CVOID-19 hits, using an odd/even license plate strategy with activities closure, and using a 70% capacity restriction. In the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), multi-criteria have been used. Three criteria groups (efficiency, capacity, and environmental) have been developed, which have contained eight subcriteria. The weights of the criteria groups have been varied based on practitioners' and academic perspectives. The application of the developed methodology has enabled the selection of the most suitable travel restriction decision that has helped improve the transportation system's operational status. The evaluation sub-criteria in the study are vehicle delay, queue length, stopped delay, stops, travel time, vehicle safety, CO emission, and fuel consumption. Results have indicated that, by comparing the intersection operation performance before and after COVID-19, there is a significant improvement in intersection performance due to the travel restrictions during the pandemic effect. Moreover, AHP has indicated that the odd/even system is the best strategy to improve intersection performance. The results have indicated that the odd/even system has the best operational performance compared to the other two travel restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Jordan, cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiac disease. The impact of cancer on sexual relationships is a taboo subject and hence, such issues are underreported research among Jordanian people examining unmet needs. Aim: To examine the experiences and preferences of Jordanian cancer survivors related to communication regarding their sexual needs. Methods: Qualitative study conducted between May and June 2020 using semi-structured face-to-face interviews using the snow-balling approach for recruitment. Participants were recruited until data saturation was obtained and data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Analysis of participants' interview data identified three main categories: 1) The psychological impact of cancer of sexual relationships; 2) Physician support; 3) Variations in sexual life and sexual experiences. Conclusion: The study revealed that there is a substantial psychological impact of cancer on sexual relationships among Arab Jordanian cancer survivors. Feeling powerless, being labelled as 'sexually disabled', and lack of communication with physicians were emphasized by participants as a barrier to discuss sexual needs with their physicians. Lack of physicians support negatively impact Jordanian cancer survivors sexual experience and led to increased their sense of powerlessness and loss of control over sexual relationships. Implications for practice: Overall, the study indicated a crucial need for physicians to encourage patients to disclose their sexual experience to help them maintain their sexual and mental health while in the fight against cancer. The physicians, nurses and allied health professionals should be engaged in the conversation with patients by taking an active role in the discussion. Additionally, the family and partners of the patients should also be approached and engaged by health professionals in the discussion to address their needs or sexual issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public awareness and attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients are highly important in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer screening and early diagnosis programmes. This study aimed to explore the public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients in Jordan. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this online survey study in Jordan between March 20th and April 20th 2020.The sample was conveniently selected, and 1157 participants were included from the public. The Public Attitudes toward Cancer Questionnaire was employed. Results: Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were utilized. The mean age was 44.2 years (SD = 20.1), and 53% were female. The total mean attitude score was 38.2 (SD = 4.3). Based on the results, having a family member or a friend with cancer (P = 0.003), willingness to be informed about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.001), informing a friend about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.021), and willingness to participate in screening and early detection programmes (P < 0.001) were significant predictive positive attitudes towards cancer and cancer patients. In addition, being married predicted more negative attitudes compared with being single (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Jordanians had positive attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients and most were willing to be informed about cancer diagnosis. This calls for healthcare providers to adopt shared decision models when devising health care plans for cancer patients, with more involvement on the parts of both patients and family members rather than adopting a paternal approach. Policy makers and managers should consider positive attitudes when developing healthcare programmes to enhance public participation in early cancer detection and screening programmes so as to reduce cancer mortality and morbidity rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is vital for continuous organizational growth and development. OCB also plays an evident role in advancing the quality of health care services and practicing OCB in hospitals can be useful. Although OCBs' contributing factors have been studied in Jordan in earlier researches, the utilization of OCB in health sector is still a new topic. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the impact of employees' gender and age on OCB at Jordanian governmental hospitals using a fuzzy approach. A convenient sample of 126 employees working in three main governmental hospitals in the north of Jordan has been taken. The collected data include linguistic terms that suffer from uncertainty which, in turn, cannot be dealt with traditional numerical values. This study indicates that gender impact on OCB has statistically significant differences at α =.05 in favor of males with the total score of 0.011% as far as altruism, courtesy, and civic virtue are concerned. Similarly, the effect of age factor on OCB is statistically significant differences at α =.05 in relation to courtesy, sportsmanship, and civic virtue with the total score of 0.27%. Finally, the results provide baseline data for further studies that may pay more attention toward employees' demographics in OCB. This study can support mangers and leaders holding dominant positions in public sector health care organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital hearing loss is one of the important illnesses that affect newborns. Early diagnosis and treatment are a challenge for medical authorities in developing countries to improve children's functional, intellectual, emotional, and social abilities. We aimed to study the prevalence of congenital hearing loss in northern Jordan community and identify factors that could affect hearing screening protocol. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of 1595 infants born in our hospital underwent hearing screening tests. Totally, 104 were tested in NICU and the rest examined in the nursery room using Otoacoustic emission (OAE) test as a primary testing tool. The patients were followed in the three hearing screening phases. Factors affecting screening results were studied and analyzed. Results: The total number of newborns who didn't pass the first OAE test in one or both ears were 90 (5.6%); 69 from the nursery group and 21 from the NICU group. In the 2nd screening phase 21 (23.3%) didn't attend the appointment. Sixty-four passed the second screening OAE test. Five newborns (5.6%) had a second refer result in one or both ears and referred for a diagnostic ABR test. Three infants passed the test and two found to have bilateral hearing loss. Conclusions: Hearing screening test is conducted via a 3-phases-protocol. OAE is used in the first two phases and ABR in the third phase. Hearing results is significantly affected for infants admitted to NICU. The following factors increase OAE fail response: mechanical ventilation for more than 5 days, Hyperbilirubinemia, associated congenital anomalies. Mode of delivery doesn't have statistical significance on hearing screening results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic noise has been recognized as environmental pollution in many cities. This study aims to develop a statistical model that can estimate road traffic noise as a function of traffic volume (passenger cars, medium vehicles, heavy vehicles), speed, number of lanes, pedestrian volume, parking type (on-street and off-street), grade of the road segment and temperature to study the impact of these variables on the noise level. Thirty sites were selected in urban areas for arterial and ring roads in Irbid city. These sites were categorized as: traffic signal intersections, roundabouts and sections. The model shows that heavy vehicle volume is the main influencing factor that affects the noise level. Also, increasing the number of lanes by one lane in any approach will increase the noise level by 0.50 dB (decibel). Holding other factors constant, the model shows that the increase of (1 km/hr) in speed will increase traffic noise by 0.15 dB. Results show that the present and predicted noise level in the future (2030) is high and exceeds the maximum allowable limit (60 dB) for all sites. The developed model compared with the British method [Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN)] was found to be compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the speed variance on multilane highways, explored the main associated factors, and developed prediction models to help agencies better set speed limits to reduce speed variance and their associated crashes. Speeds of vehicles were measured for twenty-five multilane highways in Jordan. Data were collected during off-peak hours on sunny days with dry pavement conditions. Results indicated the difference between the design speed and speed limit (DS-SL) is the primary factor that affects speed variance. The minimum speed variance occurs when the DS-SL is 10 km/hr. Speed limits more than 10 km/hr below the design speed increase the speed variance, as road conditions (represented by design speed) tend to control vehicle's speeds rather than speed limits in these cases. Additionally, having more highway lanes decreases speed variance, as does having roadside barriers. This paper provides beneficial information to authorities and policymakers who set speed limits on multilane highways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vaccination is a cost-efficient intervention to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to assess the population's willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan and investigate potential determinants of their acceptance. Materials and Methods: This study used an online survey distributed in November 2020, before introducing the vaccine, with items investigating socio-demographic characteristics, seasonal flu vaccination history, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance once available, and factors affecting their decision-making. Also, "COVID-19 risk perception" and beliefs toward COVID-19 vaccine benefits and barriers were assessed. Results: A total of 2,208 participants completed the survey with a participation rate of 13.1%. The mean±standard deviation age was 33.2±13.5, and 55.7% were females. Study participants were almost equally distributed between willingness, unwillingness, and indecision to take the COVID-19 vaccine (30.4%, 36.4%, and 31.5%, respectively). Younger adults, males, and those who were not married, do not have children, have a bachelor or higher education, employees or being students, healthcare workers, and those who reported receiving flu vaccine had higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance compared to their counterparts (p<0.001 for each category). COVID-19 risk perception, and perceived vaccine benefits, and barriers were significant predictors of intention. Among those undecided or unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine, its safety and side effects were the most common concerns. Conclusion: The low rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a developing country is alarming, and a significant proportion are indecisive. Interventions to elevate vaccine acceptance by addressing its safety and efficacy and targeting vulnerable groups are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on interdental papilla (IDP) loss in the esthetic zone. Twenty one subjects (14 females and 7 males) from those referred for treatment of IDP loss at Periodontics postgraduate clinics at the Jordan University of Science and Technology. A total of 86 interdental sites (58 sites in the maxillary jaw and 28 sites in the mandibular jaw) were treated and followed up. A 0.2 ml of Hyaluronic acid was injected in each receded IDP site and injections were repeated after 21 days. Papilla sites were evaluated and statistically analyzed. At the 3 week interval the mean reduction of black triangle (BT) height was 0.17 mm (8% reduction) (P‐value <0.001), at the 3 month interval there was a mean reduction of BT height of 0.83 mm (39% reduction) (P‐value <0.001). At 6 months however, the reduction in BT height was 0.62 mm (29% reduction) (P‐value <0.001). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the use of commercially available HA gel for the treatment of interdental papillae loss may have promising results over the first 6 months after injection. The maximum improvement in black triangles was at 3 months after injection with a reduction of improvement between 3 and 6 months. Clinical Relevance Helping clinician to take evidence based decision while considering Hyaluronic acid injection as a short term nonsurgical treatment modality for interdental papilla loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra,232Th, and 137Cs were measured in 39 wheat crops samples and their associated soils taken from four representative soils in Jordan to estimate the annual effective dose and lifetime risk assessment due to intake of these radionuclides in wheat crops. The mean annual effective dose and the excess lifetime risk due to 40K and 226Ra intake in wheat grains was 0.4 mSv and 14.64 × 10−4 exceeding the global average of 0.178 mSv and 10−4, respectively. 226Ra had the most significant contribution (72% of the total), followed by 40K (28%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the factors associated with seatbelt compliance by front-seat occupants (FSOs), drivers, and front-seat passengers (FSPs), in Jordan. Data were gathered using a direct observational survey to cover a group of characteristics related to the major safety elements: human, vehicle, and roadway. Frequencies were calculated, and logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors related to seatbelt use. Results showed that only 13% of the drivers and only 8% of the FSPs wear a seatbelt. Driver's obligation to wear the seatbelt strongly affects the FSP positively or negatively. Moreover, FSOs manage to wear the seatbelt on major roads more frequently than on minor roads, and passenger cars more often than on buses or trucks. Additionally, male FSOs violate seatbelt law more frequently than females. Furthermore, cellphone use by the driver increases with the increase in seatbelt violations. Logistic regression results showed that the statistically significant predictor variables for the driver's seatbelt use were roadway classification, and gender, while for the FSP were road classification, gender, and driver seatbelt use. The methodology presented in this paper can be used as a technical note in investigating further factors that may affect occupant safety and their protection. The results of this study have significant implications for seatbelt compliance interventions and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to validate the trip travel time provided by three selected navigation applications, through examining the error in the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) provided. The ETA was compared with the actual travel time measured from 204 selected urban and rural road segments in Jordan. The overall trip travel time accuracy was 70%, 57% and 52% for the Google Maps, Here-WeGo and Waze applications, respectively. Analysis results showed that the three applications' ETA measures vary from the actual trip time with different error levels ranging from minor errors of less than 10% to significant errors of more than 40%. It was found that Google Maps has the most distinguished accuracy, yet the provided information by Google Maps contains a certain amount of error in the ETA. Also, ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant differences between Google Maps and Waze-ETA mean errors, while Here-ETA mean error significantly differs from those of both applications. The significant contribution of this research is the detailed evaluation process of the estimated journey times using field data collected by trained drivers instead of crowdsourcing data. The usage of such applications will attract the attention of individuals, organizations and agencies in different related sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between technical efficiency and banks' performance for 13 commercial banks in Jordan over the period 2010-2017. For this purpose, this study will employ the nonparametric model using the linear programming by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate technical efficiency and the panel regression analysis to estimate the relationship between technical efficiency and Banks' performance measured by return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q. The empirical findings reveal that pure technical efficiency (PTE) is statistically significant with positive effect on ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q. Further, the relative technical efficiency (RTE) or scale efficiency (SE) has positive significant impact on ROA, ROE, and Tobin's Q. The market share and the ATMs coverage share also has a positive effect on bank's performance. On the other hand, bank's size has no significant effect on ROA and ROE but weak positive effect on Tobin's Q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of gamma radiation dose rates based on soil types and geological formations was carried out as a pioneer study in Jordan extensively. 823 measurements were taken at 1 m above the ground using two survey meters (Inspector Alert manufactured by S.E. International and Radiagem, 2000 Geiger Muller Counter) and the coordinates of each measurement point was recorded using a geographical positioning system (GPS). The measured GDR was found to range from 35 nGy h−1 to 470 nGy h−1 with a mean value of 90 nGy h−1 which is one and half times higher than the world's average value of 59 nGy h−1. Unbalanced one-way ANOVA test was used to investigate the variations of GDRs among all geological formations and soil types. The results indicated that there exists a strong significant difference as a result of varying soil types and geological formations. The highest mean value of 137 nGy h−1 was recorded for Acid intrusive granite rocks of Precambrian geological formation, while the lowest mean value of 65 nGy h−1 was found against Jurassic geological formation, composed of soil originated from clay and unconsolidated sedimentary rock. The results were used in production of digital map (using ArcGIS 10.2) for isodose to characterize exposure rates caused by GDR of the study area. This study will also help in establishing a GDR baseline data for future references in Jordan. • Isodose map of terrestrial gamma dose rate measured from surface soil at Jordan was plotted. • A strong relationship exists between geological formations and terrestrial gamma dose rate. • Gamma dose rate measured at surface soil in Jordan show a mean value of 90 nGy h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a pioneering study in Jordan, an extensive measurement for external gamma dose rate (GDR) was conducted. A portable gamma radiation detector was used to perform these measurements at 1 m above the soil surface. A geographical positioning system Garmin was used to record a total of 823 measured points. The GDRs' measurement ranged from 35 to 470 nGy h−1 giving a mean value of 90 nGy h−1, which was found to be one and half times higher than the world average of 59 nGy h−1. The lowest mean GDR 72 nGy h−1 was found in the Albalqa governate, while the highest mean GDR 131 nGy h−1 was found to be for the Alkarak governate. The mean annual effective dose was found to be 0.551 mSv, which is higher than the world average value of 0.48 mSv. This is a pivotal study evaluating the risks associated with GDR levels in Jordan that were the relative excess lifetime cancer risk, the mean collective effective dose, the mean weighted GDR and the mean lifetime dose that are 2.24 × 10−3, 5538manSv y−1, 0.531 mSv and 39 mSv, respectively. The cosmic rays mean GDR was determined to be 20 nGy h−1. This study focuses on constructing GDRs' baseline data in Jordan, which will be used to determine the possible change in the natural radiation due to other human activities in the future. ArcGIS software was employed to generate an isodose map to characterise exposure rates caused by GDR in Jordan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adult waterpipe smokers are at increased risk of obesity. However, it is unclear if adolescents, who are at the epicenter of the global waterpipe epidemic, are at similar risk. Objective: Therefore, the current study examined the waterpipe smoking relationship with obesity among adolescents. Methods: A sample of 2,313 boys and girls in grades 7-10 were surveyed about waterpipe and cigarette use in Jordan. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were measured. Obesity indices were assessed as a function of smoking status (never used tobacco, current waterpipe only, current cigarettes only, and current dual smoking) as well as frequency of use of each tobacco product. Results: About 51.5% of adolescents smoked waterpipe whereas 29.8% were overweight/obese. Students who smoked waterpipe weekly had twofold greater odds of being obese than never-smokers (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.08-4.21). Approximately 12% of students currently smoked waterpipe but not cigarettes, 2% smoked cigarettes but not waterpipe, and 11% smoked both. Body weight and age- and gender-specific BMI were greater for waterpipe and dual users compared to never users, especially for dual vs. never users (58.6 ±.8 vs. 55.6 ±.4 and.48 ±.07 vs..29 ±.03, respectively; p <.005). Conclusions: For dual users, greater frequency of tobacco use was associated with greater weight and BMI. Waterpipe and dual use is associated with greater obesity, BMI, and body weight among Jordanian adolescents. Given the rising epidemics of both tobacco use and obesity among Middle Eastern adolescents, the clustering of these risk factors warrants public health action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco consumption contributes substantially to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including hypertension. However, the effect of waterpipe (WP) smoking on CV hemodynamics in adolescents is unknown. Thus, the current study investigated the relationship of WP smoking with CV indices in 397 adolescents that included WP only smokers (n = 161) and non-smokers of any other tobacco product (n = 236). CV hemodynamic indices including heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were obtained and calculated for 7th-10th grade students in Irbid, Jordan. After controlling for possible confounding factors, HR, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in adolescent WP smokers versus non-smokers. Additionally, stepwise regression analyses showed that smoking status can predict (p < 0.001) 5.7% of HR, 6.3% of DBP 7.4% of MAP, and 7.0% RPP. The results indicate that HR and blood pressure are lower in adolescent WP smokers versus non-smokers. Future studies are necessary to verify these findings and understand the mechanism of this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluated the prevalence and contributing factors to smoking styles, particularly cigarette (Cg) and waterpipe (Wp), and dual (combined Cg and Wp) smoking, in adolescents. Tobacco consumption pattern and style, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from all participants. A total of 2,407 adolescents participated, of which 57.6% consumed tobacco. The prevalence of dual was 30%, which was greater than Wp only (21.1%) and Cg only (6.7%). Additionally, male adolescents are more likely to smoke Cg only (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.3/3.4;p = 0.001), Wp only (OR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1/1.8;p = 0.05), and dual (OR = 2.95; 95%CI: 2.2/3.9;p = 0.001). Adolescents in grade 10 were more likely to be dual smokers as compared to grades 7 (OR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.3/0.7;p = 0.001) and 8 (OR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.3/0.7;p = 0.001). The study indicates that gender and grade can predict smoking status with dual is most prevalent in older boys. The data also show that dual smoking exceeds combined Cg-only and Wp-only smoking. Compared with previous studies, we are witnessing an increase in dual consumption, while Wp only and Cg only are decreasing, suggesting a shift in adolescent smoking-style selections. Therefore, studies and cessation programs for adolescents, especially for dual smoking among older boys, are warranted. Additionally, studies are needed to examine the health effects of dual smoking among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The informed consent/assent process during enrollment in pediatric research is integral to protecting children from possible harm. Here we explored parents’ perceptions about the informed consent/assent process in Jordan. Therefore, focus group interviews were conducted that focused on the importance of consent/assent, the quality of the information provided during consent process, and the parents’ perceptions toward written/verbal informed consent. Content thematic analysis approach was adopted in the transcription and translation processes of the interviews. The majority of parents have an ethically acceptable understanding of many of the aspects related to consent/assent; however, some views were not consistent with the proper conduct of research. For example, some parents believed that informed consent is not required for questionnaire studies. Discrepancies were also noted regarding the appropriate age of a child’s assent. Some parents would force their child to participate. Thus, the development of Jordanian, culturally sensitive pediatric research guidelines is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To test the effectiveness of a school-based, peer-led smoking and asthma education program with an additional “class smoke-free” pledge on smoking-related knowledge and perception, nicotine dependence, and asthma control in male high school students in Jordan 4 months post-intervention. Methods:In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, four male schools in Irbid, Jordan, were randomly assigned to the intervention (n= 215) or comparison (n= 218) groups. Trained educators trained senior students from the four schools to be peer leaders (n= 53), who then taught peers in grades 7 and 8 (n= 433). The peer leaders in the intervention schools implemented the smoke-free pledge within the 7th and 8th graders, who voluntarily signed the pledge for 4 months. The comparison group received the same intervention components as the intervention group, minus the smoke-free pledge. Data were collected from students in grades 7 and 8 at baseline and 4 months post-intervention. Results:Students from the intervention group reported significant improvements in smoking-related knowledge and perception and lower nicotine dependence as compared to the comparison group. Improvement in asthma control was greater in nonsmokers versus smokers. Conclusions:Voluntary group commitment smoke-free through a pledge is an incentive to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking. Using social influences approaches in schools is useful in countering current aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns in Arab youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with long-term conditions than those in other age groups. The aim of this study was to examine long-term conditions associated with, and predictive of, primary health care (PHC) service use among older adults living in the Irbid Governorate of Jordan over the previous one, six and 12 months. Cross-sectional data were collected from 190 adults aged 60 years and above. Face-to-face interviews were conducted within the catchment areas associated with three comprehensive healthcare centres. Results show that rates of PHC service use among older adults with long-term conditions are high, with heart conditions, diabetes and hypertension the most consistent predictors of service use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a risk for multiple diseases and an independent cause of morbidity and mortality with staggering global rates. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived peptide associated with reduced obesity. In this study, the effect of ADIPOQ gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on obesity and adiponectin relationship was examined. The study was conducted on 389 adult females. Obesity was measured using body weight, BMI, percent body fat, and waist and hip ratio. ADIPOQ G276T and I164T SNPs were genotyped using RFLP procedure. Adiponectin plasma levels were quantified using ELISA technique. Adiponectin correlated with all obesity measures (p<0.05). However, when divided according to genotypes, adiponectin remained correlating (p<0.05) with obesity measures in the participants with GT of the G276T SNP but not (p>0.05) with GG and TT of the G276T SNP. With respect to` I164T SNP, the correlations between adiponectin and obesity measures remained in all genotypes except with W/H ratio and %Bf remained in the participants with CC genotype and with W/H ratio in CT/TT genotypes. Further analyses reveled that adiponectin was lower (p<0.05) in the participants with GT versus the GG and TT genotypes of G276T SNP. The data confirms the effect of adiponectin for obesity. It also shows the importance of ADIPOQ SNPs in the relationship between adiponectin and obesity in young adult females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene encodes hepatic lipase, an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism and regulation. Therefore, variants in LIPC gene may influence plasma lipoprotein levels. In this study, the association of LIPC C-514T and G-250A polymorphisms with plasma lipid profiles in 348 young Jordanians was investigated. Genotyping of C-514T and G-250A was performed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent digestion with DraI and NiaIII restriction enzymes, respectively, while Roche analyzer was used to determine plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, lowand high-density lipoprotein. The G-250 and C-514 alleles were most abundant in Jordanians with 79 and 80% frequencies, respectively. Additionally, no difference was found in the lipid-lipoprotein profile between the different genotype groups of C-514T or G-250A polymorphisms, even when males and females were examined separately (P>0.05). In young Jordanian adults, the examined LIPC polymorphisms seem to play a limited role in determining the lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose – This paper aims to engage with the growing debate on the factors that affect e-government adoption in the developing country of Jordan. The change from traditional interactions between government and citizens in Jordan to interaction via the web needs further exploration in order to understand the factors that might affect e-government adoption by citizens. This paper therefore aims to report on a study to identify the main factors that influence citizens' intention to adopt e-government websites in Jordan, using a theoretical framework consisting of diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Design/methodology/approach – A survey study of 400 Jordanian citizens who were internet users investigated the influence of the aforementioned factors on the adoption and use of e-government websites. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Contrary to previous research, trust in the internet, relative advantage, compatibility and perceived ease of use were not found to be significant predictors of intention to use e-government websites. Trust in government, website design, beliefs, complexity and perceived usefulness were significant factors in Jordanian citizens' intention to use e-government websites. Originality/value – This study is one of the few to examine what influences adoption and use of e-government websites by citizens in the Middle East. The study clearly identifies the relationship between the constructs of "beliefs" (religious views) and website design and e-government adoption, and explores the influence of attitudes towards e-government adoption in Jordan. Although previous studies show similarities between the constructs related to DOI (relative advantage and complexity) and those related to TAM (perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEoU)), this research shows the importance of including these constructs when considering the topic of e-government adoption in a Middle Eastern country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]