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Tribal fanaticism and lack of transparency is a phenomenon that has invaded contemporary societies, and Jordanian society, like other societies, has been affected by this dangerous phenomenon. When tribal fanaticism shifts from the positive side to the negative, the level of classism and nepotism increases, and the deviation from the correct Islamic foundations increases. Omar bin Abdul Aziz motivated by the fear of God took care of the citizens, and he made sure that everyone was equal. Omar's justice appears through holding the workers accountable in the state, and it was from what Wahb bin Munabbih wrote to Omar bin Abdul Aziz: "I lost one dinar from the Muslim treasury, and Omar replied to him with a letter saying: "I do not accuse you of your religion and trust, but I accuse you of wasting and negligence, and I am responsible for the Muslims' money before God, and peace be upon you." (Ibn Abd al-Hakam, 1984, p. 65). The study aimed to highlight the class and nepotism in Jordanian society and a showing the impact of Omar bin Abdul Aziz's approach in eliminating them, and the study reached results, the most important of which is that despite the royal directives in Jordan and the legislative laws to eliminate the consequences of clan fanaticism, its impact is still present and these effects can be observed through class, nepotism, and lack of transparency among the responsible authorities in Jordanian society which led to an increase in poverty, lack of services for it, and the increasing deficit of the state treasury every year, and it also led to weak community cohesion and the creation of social stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) on reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use and its effect on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) in hospitalized patients.Methods: The study was a retrospective, ecological assessment in a tertiary teaching hospital over 6 years (January 2014 to December 2019). The intervention involved the implementation of an ASP in February 2018, which remains in effect today. This ASP consists of several components, including education, antibiotic guidelines, antibiotic restriction policy with prior approval, audit of compliance to the restriction policy and feedback. Restricted antibiotics were imipenem/cilastatin, ertapenem, meropenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, colistin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The intervention was evaluated by time-series methods.Results: Statistically significant decreases in the level of antibiotic use, after the introduction of the ASP, were observed for the following antibiotics: imipenem/cilastatin (P = 0.0008), all carbapenems (P = 0.0001), vancomycin (P = 0.0006), colistin (P = 0.0016) and third-generation cephalosporins (P = 0.0004). A statistically significant decrease in the slope, after the introduction of the ASP, for ertapenem (P = 0.0044) and ciprofloxacin (P = 0.0117) was observed. For piperacillin/tazobactam, there was a significant increasing trend (P = 0.0208) before the introduction of the ASP. However, this increased trend was halted post-introduction of the ASP (P = 0.4574). The introduction of the ASP was associated with a significant impact on reducing the levels of CRAb (P = 0.0237).Conclusions: The introduced antimicrobial stewardship interventions contributed to a reduction in the use of several broad-spectrum antibiotics, reversed the trends of increasing use of other antibiotics and were associated with a significant reduction in CRAb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2020, a wedding in Jordan led to a large outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We collected data on 350 wedding attendees, 76 who of whom developed COVID-19. Our study shows high communicability of COVID-19 and the enormous risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus transmission during mass gatherings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a life threatening device related infection in intensive care units. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considered a common contagious pathogen causing pneumonia and sepsis.To assess the prevalence of S aureus in comparison to other pathogens, and their antibacterial sensitivity profile in ventilator-associated pneumonia.Data regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia of adults admitted to the intensive care unit, at the Jordan University of Science and Technology Hospital, between 2012 and 2018 were extracted from the computerized system. Microorganisms and their susceptibility profiles were identified according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.There were 547 isolates, of which 35 (6.4%) were Gram positive, 59% were methicillin resistant. Gram-negative isolates were present in 507 (92.6%) isolates, of which 82% were multidrug resistant, and 1% were Candida species.Gram-negative bacterial infections were significantly associated with ventilation usage. S aureus was not the predominant pathogen., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: The exact burden of varicella is not well quantified in Jordan., Aims: This study aimed to estimate the varicella burden in paediatric patients in Jordan who sought care in a hospital-based setting., Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective review of medical records of patients aged 0-14 years with a primary varicella diagnosis in Jordan between 2013 and 2018. The data assessed were: use of health care resources for varicella (outpatient and inpatient visits, tests and procedures, and medication use), and clinical complications of the infection. Estimated costs were based on health care resources used (direct costs) and lost revenue to the child's caregiver (indirect costs) for outpatients and inpatients., Results: In total, 140 children with varicella were included: 78 outpatients, mean age (standard deviation) 4.4 (3.2) years, and 62 inpatients, mean age 4.0 (3.8) years. No outpatients had varicella-related complications, while 32 (52%) inpatients had ≥ 1 complication. The use of health care resources was higher for inpatients than outpatients, including prescription medication use - 94% of inpatients versus 6% of outpatients. Total costs of varicella were estimated at US$ 66.1 (95% CI: 64.1-68.1) per outpatient and US$ 914.7 (95% CI: 455.6-1373.9) per inpatient., Conclusions: Varicella is associated with considerable use of health care resources in Jordan and may be responsible for annual costs of US$ 11.5 million. These results support universal varicella vaccination in Jordan., (Copyright © World Health Organization (WHO) 2021. Open Access. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).)