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The study aims to investigate the impact of implementing the Numbered Heads Strategy on developing oral expression skills among Arabic learners who speak languages, as well as their attitudes towards this teaching method. The research involved 50 participants, both male and female, at the fourth level of a language center within Al al-Bayt University. These participants were divided into two groups: a control group, which received traditional instruction, and an experimental group, which was taught using the Numbered Heads Strategy. The study designed an achievement test and an attitudinal scale to assess the participants. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group, with higher mean scores in both the oral expression skills test and the post-attitude scale. However, no significant differences were found between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the oral expression test and attitude scale when considering the interaction between teaching strategy and gender. Based on these results, the study recommends the utilization of the Numbered Heads Strategy in teaching oral expression skills to Arabic learners who speak languages other than Arabic.

Medical education in Jordan has evolved rapidly in the last 50 years as successive governments and higher education leaders have responded swiftly to developing healthcare sector demands. Despite significant progress being made, there remain a substantial number of challenges for the Jordanian medical education system that require careful attention in the years and decades ahead. This article provides a historical summary of medical education in Jordan, outlines some of the important areas that require development, and describes plans for a new medical school and teaching hospital in Amman at the newly established Kingdom University of Health Sciences, due to open in 2026. This ambitious project is being funded by the Saudi Jordanian Investment Fund and is being supported by partnerships with high-ranking, well-established institutions in the UK and USA. This article highlights the significant value in a partnership approach to developing a medical education program as it strives to overcome some of the existing challenges facing medical education in Jordan.

This study attempts to understand the source of variation in the Students' Evaluation of Teaching (SET) of mathematics courses by comparing the data structure of engineering major students and mathematics major students' datasets. The sample considered in this study consists of 644 students distributed into two majors: 237 mathematics students and 407 engineering students who filled out a 20-item SET questionnaire to rate the teaching practices of three different mathematics courses offered by the Department of Mathematics. The hypothesis tested in this study is: that variation in students' perceptions of mathematics course teaching practices is different based on students' majors (Mathematics versus Engineering). Measurement invariance (MI) analyses were used to examine the source of variation in the datasets and to compare engineering and mathematics students' perceptions of the teaching effectiveness of mathematics courses. While the results of this study provide evidence of the SET validity, it was found that engineering students differently perceive three out of twenty of the SET questionnaire items when compared with mathematics major students.

In order to understand how faculty members, feel about using Moodle as a learning management system (LMS) tool for teaching and learning in Jordanian universities, a mixed-methods study was conducted. Surveys and interviews were used to gather the data. 270 professors from three Jordanian universities took part in the study. The results show that while the participating faculty members thought using Moodle in instruction was a useful teaching tool, they weren't happy with it. The Internet crisis, interaction, the need for education for electronic platforms, online tests, and self-regulation were among the difficulties mentioned by these participants. The potential use of Moodle in education is encouraged through pedagogical implication. In conclusion, the implementation of the Moodle system for distance learning has been very remarkable in recent years. The effectiveness of its use depends on the active involvement of business managers and the willingness of teachers to adopt e-learning. By addressing the challenges ahead and providing incentives for faculty, universities can ensure success and use of the system. As the use of the Moodle LMS continues to grow, it is important to focus on the development of the tool and provide ongoing support to improve its effectiveness and impact on distance education.

The study aimed at identifying the degree of commitment of the University of Petra students to the ethics of distance learning from their point of view. Also, this study aimed to identify the differences in the degree of commitment according to variables such as gender, type of college, GPA, and academic level. To accomplish the study objectives, I used a questionnaire consisting of 19 items and verified its validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of 277 students who were enrolled in the University of Petra for the summer semester of 2020/2021. The results of the study revealed that the degree of commitment of the University of Petra students to the ethics of distance learning was generally high in three areas of study: tests and assignments, the relationship of the student to the teacher and colleagues, and commitment and discipline. The results showed significant differences between the mean student responses attributed to the variable of gender in favor of females. Also, observed differences in the students' responses were due to the variable of college type in favor of scientific colleges and to the variable of GPA in favor of the Fair rate. In addition, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean student responses attributed to the variable of academic level.

Educators used distance education to respond to the Corona pandemic. The research question focuses on teachers' perceptions toward the use of ICT competencies in distance education, taking training courses into account. The study included 206 primary school teachers from Jordan's northern schools. A questionnaire designed specifically for this study was used, and its validity and reliability coefficient of 0.82 was confirmed. The findings revealed statistically significant variations in the sign of the training courses variable in favor of the teachers who got training. It is frequently regarded as insufficient by teachers' perspectives on the application of ICT competencies. As a result, respondents understand the necessity for and importance of using ICT for distance preparation and teaching and consider it a vital component of their professional development. The findings recommended incorporating competencies linked to teaching online (electronic course management, computer applications, networking, and educational materials creation), into training programs.

This study aimed to investigating the impact of project-based learning strategy on action research skills of Jordanian basic school students in light of some variables while teaching the unite of "Water". Semi-experimental design was used on a sample of 9th grade female students distributed in experimental group of (40) and a control group of (40), an action research skills scale was applied (pre-post). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two means of the post-measurement of action research skills in favor of the experimental group with effect size of (30.20%) indicated by the value of the squared eta ([eta-squared]). And significant differences between the means of action research skills attributed to the level of achievement with size effect of (%7.80) in favor of high and medium achievers. Also, there are no statistically significant differences between the means of the post-measurement of action research skills due to the variables (future streaming trends, the interaction between the teaching method and the level of achievement, and the interaction between the teaching method and future streaming trends). It's recommended to activating project-based learning strategy in teaching different science curricula, and examine same variables in different grades levels.

The purpose of the study is to identify the Sense of responsibility of science teachers towards the learning of their students from the perspective of the teachers themselves; the study has included three domains (cognitive, skillful, and emotional); and to demonstrate the differences in the level of responsibility among science teachers based on gender, rank, and educational qualification. The study's sample consists of (123) teachers from the Salt Region's Directorate of Education. The research instrument includes (28) items whose validity and reliability is verified. The results reveal that there is no statistical significant difference in the sense of responsibility among teachers based on their gender or their rank. However, the results reveal that teachers with an educational qualification had a greater sense of responsibility than their peers who lack such a qualification.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of school-based practicum experience on the self-efficacy of pre-service teachers (PTs) enrolled in Teacher Education Professional Diploma (TEPD) in Jordanian universities. The study followed mixed methods research. In the quantitative part, an online questionnaire was administered to 134 pre-service teachers (PTs) at the outset of the practicum program. Then it was readministered to the same sample after completing the practicum. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were conducted after the practicum program to investigate the skills acquired by PTs during the school practicum and to identify the challenges, they faced during the school practicum experience. In the qualitative part, a total of 18 students voluntarily participated in the interviews. Results showed that the school-based practicum experience had a statistically significant effect on the overall mean scores of the PTs' self-efficacy in the pre-and post-applications and each study area (instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement). Furthermore, PTs reported several challenges during the school practicum, including the role of the academic supervisor, the cooperating school, the cooperating teacher, the nature of the TEPD program, and dealing with students.

The study aimed to investigate the level of trust in science teachers among students of the scientific stream at secondary education and its relationship to gender, future orientation, school type, and teachers' specialization variables. The descriptive correlational approach was used in addition to a questionnaire applied to (1030) male and female students from the scientific stream in public and private schools in Irbid Kasbah Directorate of Education. The results indicated that the level of students' trust in science teachers was medium. There were statistically significant differences in the level of students' trust in science teachers attributed to gender and teachers' specialization in favor of males and life science teachers respectively. While there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of students' future orientation and school type. In light of the results, the study recommended educating teachers about the importance of having a strong bond of trust with their students, holding training courses that foster teachers' communication skills and giving students appropriate guidance and support according to their needs. The study further recommended conducting more research on the concept of trust, taking into account other variables such as stress, tension, and academic achievement.

This study aimed at examining the effect of using digital educational content designed by learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) on the academic achievement and motivation towards learning among students of the Life Skills subject at Al al-Bayt University during COVID-19. The study sample consisted of two groups chosen randomly; one was the experimental group and comprised 55 students, while the other was the control group and comprised 50 students. An academic achievement test, consisting of 25 questions and a motivation scale of 25 items was prepared to measure the use of digital educational content based on learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) in the academic achievement and motivation towards learning among Life Skills students. The validity and reliability of the study tools were determined. To answer the study questions, the means and standard deviations of the study sample were calculated, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANCOVA) was computed. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievement and the scores on the motivation scale due to the variable of teaching method, in favor of the experimental group, which studied using digital educational content based on learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic). The researchers recommended generalizing the experience of using digital educational content based on learning styles (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) due to its impact on the academic achievement and motivation toward learning among students of the Life Skills subject at Al al-Bayt University during COVID-19 on various subjects in the university.

We investigated the understanding of the role of instructional visual aids in shaping the learning experiences of both national and international children among early childhood education teachers. To achieve this objective, a meticulously crafted questionnaire incorporating visual elements such as pictures and drawings was administered to a randomly selected sample of 220 participants. The instrument underwent rigorous validation procedures to ensure its reliability. The finding of the study highlights a prevalent misinterpretation among early childhood education teachers concerning the nuanced functions of visual aids in children's learning. Many educators mistakenly perceive visual aids merely as conduits of knowledge, overlooking their broader potential as instruments for nurturing children's knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Results show that although no statistically significant differences were observed in participants' responses based on their academic qualifications, a noteworthy disparity emerged in relation to training experience. Teachers lacking specific training on the role of visual aids demonstrated a more nuanced understanding, implying that formal training may impede rather than enhance the recognition of the potential of visual aids in children's learning. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted professional development initiatives aimed at fostering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted contributions of instructional visual aids in educational settings.

The study examined the values system and its relationship to leadership behavior of sports-practicing and non-sports-practicing students in Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan. The study used two tools to collect data, namely, values system and leadership behavior questionnaires. The study sample consisted of (217) students, (64) of whom are sports-practicing, and (153) are non-sports-practicing. The results showed that the degree of students' possession of the values system as a whole was high, in descending order, moral and democratic values, achievement and competition values, national values, physical skills values, social values, aesthetic values and finally financial gain values. Besides, it showed that students' leadership behavior degree was high, and there was a statistically significant difference at ([alpha] = 0.05) between the means of the sports-practicing, and non-sports-practicing students' estimates on values system items. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in their estimates on the leadership behavior scale in favor of sports-practicing students. The study recommends universities to develop sports activities and intensify training courses that teach students leadership behavior and link knowledge and skills to the values system in their events, programs, curriculum and field activities.

Educational systems worldwide have strived to improve the quality of education to provide productive learning environments, especially during unstable conditions and crises, such as in the COVID-19 era. In this vein, this study aimed to investigate and suggest effective approaches that contribute to offering a positive learning atmosphere based on the perspectives and field observations of pupils, student-teachers, and supervisors. The participants were students, student-teachers and supervisors, who were selected from Irbid, Jordan in the academic year 2020/2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was conducted qualitatively using semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed using the Grounded Theory approach. The inducted findings displayed the main characteristics of the affective approaches used by Social Studies teachers; such as the teacher's communication skills and practices, teacher's teaching methods and procedures, teacher's use of learning resources, and teacher's professional and personal traits and values, in addition to other sub-categories.

Purpose: This study aims at assessing item fairness in students' evaluation of teaching based on students' academic college using measurement invariance analysis (MI). Design/methodology/approach: The sample of this study consists of 17,270 undergraduate students from 12 different academic colleges. SET survey consists of 20 Likert-type items distributed to four factors: planning, instruction, management and assessment was used to collect the data. The Lavaan R package with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate measurement invariance (MI). Four models of CFA were investigated and assessed: the configural model, the metric model, the scalar model and the residual invariance model. ANOVA was used to test the differences in SET according to academic colleges. Findings: MI analysis showed that the four levels of MI models are supported. ANOVA test showed that means of SET total scores are statistically different according to students' academic colleges. College of "Education" has the highest SET mean (88.64 out of 100), and all the differences between the College of Education's SET mean and other colleges' SET means are statistically significant. Practical implications: The study recommends that higher education institutions test the MI of SET according to academic colleges and then use colleges with the highest SET at the university level as internal benchmarking to develop and enhance their teaching practices. Originality/value: This study is probably the only study that tested MI according to students' colleges before testing the differences between colleges in SET. If MI is not supported, then the comparisons between academic colleges are not applicable.

Early childhood is crucial in building and shaping the personalities of children with disabilities, where employees dealing with such children face a lot of challenges. This study aimed to identify problems and challenges faced during early intervention programs in Jordan from employees' perspectives. We conducted a questionnaire-based study on 350 from a population of 4000 employees working in early intervention programs from Jordan's North, Central, and South territories. Participants responded to the problem and challenges scale, containing 32 items distributed over five dimensions. The findings of this study showed that employees at special education centers in Jordan who work in early intervention programs said they typically faced moderate issues and difficulties. The most significant issues and difficulties that Jordan's early intervention programs faced were the absence of interactive cooperation among employees and the flexibility of the programs. Factor analysis of the studied items showed that, apart from the social dimension, the items of all other dimensions of the research instrument were influenced by a diverse set of underlying factors. There were no statistically significant differences in the challenges and problems facing early intervention programs in Jordan due to the employees' gender, academic qualification, and experience. Finally, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for enhancing early intervention services and programs, putting additional rehabilitation into place, and implementing ongoing training for professionals in this sector.

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological level of combustion of education teachers' professional compared to ordinary teachers in Jordan, with a sample size of 160 teachers including (80) vocational education teachers (40) males and (40) females, and (80) teachers and teachers ordinary (40) males and (40) females in the classroom semester first of the academic year (2019-2020). And, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the two researchers devised a study tool, which is a measure of psychological burn out appropriate for the purposes of the study. As the result of the study, after conducting the necessary statistical treatment, it was observed that there were statistically significant variations in the level of psychological burnout between vocational educators and conventional teachers, favoring vocational educators.

Modern societies face problems due to rapid, multiple, and continuous changes; this has led to the necessity for individuals in the twenty-first century to possess the skills to solve problems. Perhaps the most important groups of society which shape the future of any community are gifted students. Therefore, this study seeks to bridge the knowledge gap related to examine the level of solving-problem skills for gifted students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence and determine whether there is any effect of parents' academic level on problem-solving skills among the gifted students. The study used the descriptive and analytical method to achieve the objectives. The research population consists of 206 participants; the research sample reached 80 respondents chosen as a stratified random sample. To achieve the research goals, the researchers used the Heppner assessment to solve problems. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified. SPSS program used to reach the results, descriptive statistics were used; also, the ANOVA test was used to determine the effect of demographic characteristics. The study results found that 66% of gifted students were below the acceptable level in the ability to solve problems, while 34% were within the acceptable level. The findings also showed no statistically significant differences attributed to the gifted student's father's and mother's academic level on the ability to solve the problem. The researchers made recommendations regarding training gifted students, their teachers, and their parents in problem-solving skills based on the study results.

This study endeavors to investigate the role of female teachers of childhood education in directing children towards the effective use of smart devices in developing their learning experiences. The sample of the study consisted of 83 female teachers in the northern region of Jordan, who were selected using the available sampling method. To achieve the aim of the study, a semi-structured interview was prepared and its validity and consistency were verified. The results shown that childhood education female teachers achieved advanced roles in directing children towards the effective use of smart devices, where effective direction towards the use of smart devices was represented in: directing children to self-organize their learning during using smart devices, directing children to acquire digital social interaction skills and directing them to learn innovation during using smart devices, with the importance of directing them to avoid the harms of using smart devices through preventive guidance. Moreover, the findings of the study revealed the importance of directing children to participate in various digital activities, as well as directing them to learn through digital applications that are purposeful and suitable to their mental capabilities. Based on the research findings, the study presented a number of relevant recommendations.

In the study reported on here we examined the extent of pre-service teachers' supportiveness for educational inclusion (EI) of students with severe or profound and multiple learning difficulties (SPMLD) in order to identify their attitudinal predictors, as well as the challenges faced in such a process. An attitudinal survey with 33 items was developed to collect data from 542 participants. The results show that the attitudes/beliefs of pre-service teachers (ABpST) regarding inclusion were moderate to positive and strengthened across the teachers' knowledge and experiences. However, some variations, based on their characteristics and study constructs were revealed. The findings also illustrate the combined effects of practical knowledge and courses, besides teaching and working experiences in shaping ABpST attitudes towards inclusion of SPMLD students. The implications of these results for educators and national education institutions and other international universities are discussed.

Adolescence is a very important stage, especially in the life of the talented students. This research aimed at identifying the effect of a group counseling program in enhancing the ability to form friendship among a sample of academically talented students at Halima Al-Saadia Secondary School in Jordan. The researchers used Semi experimental approach. The study sample consisted of (29) students from seventh to tenth grades, they were randomly distributed into experimental group (n=16), and control group (n=13). And a group counseling program consisted of 9 sessions has been developed and applied among the experimental group. In addition to that forming friendship scale has been developed and administrated among the participants in the two groups, pre, post applying the program, and a three weeks follow up measurement was conducted to the experimental group. Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the hypotheses validity. The results revealed increasing the level of forming friendship among the participants of the experimental group comparing with the control group, with (39.00) Mann-Whitney value, which shows the effectiveness of the training program. Also there were no statistically differences in the experimental group means due to the birth order in the effectiveness of the program, and a persistent effect of the program after three weeks follow-up. This research sheds light on the talented adolescents in the government schools not a talented school, add to that the research focuses on the social aspect while the studies addressed the academic aspects of gifted and talented students.

The present study investigated the impact of social capital on organisational learning as perceived by 554 faculty members from five public universities in Jordan. The internal social capital scale and organisational learning capability scale was validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results of the validation indicated that social capital holds three domains (cognitive, structural, and relational). However, organisational learning was found to include only two domains (management commitment and "internal and external learning"). Moreover, results indicated that social capital and organisational learning are highly practiced in Jordanian public universities. Further, a very strong and positive relationship existed between social capital and organisational learning. Finally, results of the study indicated that the cognitive social capital was the best predictor of overall organisational learning explaining 68.9% of the variance. This study is considered the first to fill the gap in the literature regarding the impact of social capital on organisational learning in higher education institutions from Jordan. The results of this study can be used by academics and practitioners to further research in a non-western culture and to design strategies to improve and sustain social capital and organisational learning.

This paper investigates elementary and secondary teachers' experiences of the impact, strength, and weaknesses of Social Network Sites (SNS) with regard to improving students' acquisition of Arabic Language. The study sample consisted of (85) Arabic language teachers; (77) of them responded to a questionnaire that measured their experiences of SNS's impact, strengths, and weaknesses. The researchers used descriptive statistics, ANOVA and T-test. The data analyses revealed an existent of impact, strengths, and weaknesses of SNS on elementary and secondary students' acquisition of Arabic Language. The study recommended the focus on overcoming weaknesses and taking advantage of using SNS in learning environments.

This study aims to investigate the reality of e-counseling services in the light of digital learning from the perspective of teachers in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of (348) male and female teachers at Rusaifa Education Directorate in 2021. The scale of the counseling services for this study was created by the researchers, where the validity and reliability of the scale were approved, and the appropriate statistical procedures were used. The study reached some statistical results regarding e-counseling services in the light of digital learning from the perspective of teachers in Jordan. Results revealed that the arithmetic averages of the reality of e-counseling services have an intermediate degree at the overall level, and each dimension has an intermediate degree, too. The prevention dimension took the first place, followed by the social dimension, the moral dimension, the professional dimension, the educational dimension, and lastly, the technical dimension, respectively. The results revealed that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance ([alpha] [less than or equal to] 0.05) at the overall level. The level of each dimension of the scale is attributed to the variables of gender and one's years of experience.

Background: Cognitive Enhancers (CE) are central nervous system stimulant substances known to improve cognitive functions. Due to high-perceived stress and academic pressure, CEs are becoming increasingly popular among medical students. As a result, they are more likely to misuse these substances. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CE consumption, compare the prevalence between countries and genders, and identify characteristics associated with CE consumption among students at medical schools in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Method: A population-based survey study was conducted among medical students from Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. An online self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to represent participant distribution across categories. Chi-square was used for categorical variables comparisons. All tests were two-tailed, considering p < 0.05 statistically significant. Demographic characteristics, reasons for use, types of CE used, and side effects were compared by country and gender. Results: A total sample of 1399 participated in the questionnaire, most of whom were females 824 (58.9%). Overall, 1236 (88.3%) were CE consumers, and 163 (11.7%) were non-consumers. Of the respondents who used CE, 814 (58.2%) reported using them daily. There was a statistically significant difference between the consumption of CE and the source of acquisition, nationality, and residence status regarding gender. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CE use is increasing among medical students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Efficient support, stress management programs, and awareness symposia may help reduce the misuse of these substances. Future longitudinal studies are still required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at knowing the level of specialty satisfaction and its relation to the self-esteem of the students in the Department of Educational Sciences of the University of Petra. In order to accomplish the objective of this study, a specialty satisfaction scale was established covering 30 items. Also, Rosenberg scale of 10 items was used to measure self-esteem. Both scales were applied on a study sample of 182 female students. The study results showed a high level of female students' satisfaction with their academic specialty. In addition, statistical indicative differences were observed in the satisfaction levels due to the specialty variable and in the interest of the child education specialty. Also, similar differences were shown attributed to the GPA of the scale points and in the interest of the excellent average. However, the study results showed no statistical indicative differences in the satisfaction level due to the academic level variable. Additionally, the students in the Department of Educational Sciences have positive levels above average on the scale of self-esteem, and the results showed the existence of the positive relation between specialty satisfaction level and self-esteem.

This paper investigates undergraduate students' perceptions and acceptance of e-learning systems at Jordanian universities. The framework of this study is guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model. The online questionnaire is used to collect data from 411 undergraduate students at Jordanian public and private universities. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that (1) performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and information quality have a significant, positive effect on the actual usage of e-learning systems, whereas system quality did not; (2) the usage of e-learning systems positively influences educational performance and students' satisfaction; (3) the impact of COVID-19 moderates the relationship between the use of e-learning systems and educational performance; and (4) face-to-face is the most favorable educational-learning approach, followed by blended and e-learning.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the electronic mind map (IMindMap) on the development of reading comprehension among the ninth grade students in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of two ninth grade sections from two public schools in Irbid First Directorate during the academic 2016-2017. Each section consisted of (30) students and the two sections were assigned randomly to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught the chosen texts using the Electronic Mind Mapping strategy while the control group was taught the same texts using the traditional method. The study data were collected using a reading comprehension test that was administered for both groups as a pre and a posttest. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference at the level of (a = 0.05) between the mean scores of both groups in favor of the experimental group. Besides, the findings showed that the effect of applying the electronic mind maps in teaching reading texts was medium. Based on the findings of the study, a number of recommendations were made for both teachers and the Ministry of Education. The most notable recommendation was to train teachers in general and English teachers in particular on how to design electronic mind maps and apply them in their teaching practices.

The primary aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of science education students at a public university in Jordan toward sustainable development. The validated instrument has been applied to a sample of 198 university students taking science education classes. Descriptive analyses have been used to analyse the data collected. Results of the study indicate overall positive attitudes toward three pillars of sustainable development (economic viability, society, and education). However, students' attitudes toward the environment as a pillar of sustainable development are negative. The study offers recommendations for theory and practice.

The aim of the study was to explore the effect of enrichment programs on the academic achievement of gifted and talented students. The sample of the study consisted of (30) gifted and talented students studying at Al-Kourah Pioneer Center for gifted and talented students (APCGTS), Jordan. An achievement test was developed and applied on the sample of the study as a pretest and posttest. The results showed the effects of enrichment programs at APCGTS on improving the academic achievement of gifted and talented students.

Nowadays, more and more countries are paying attention to graduates' language skill and sending their students abroad to learn languages. As an Islamic country, Malaysia has sent many students to learn Arabic language and Islamic knowledge. This paper aims at examining the level of practice of Arabic language among Malaysian students in Jordanian universities. The study seeks to answer the following questions: What is the level of practice of Arabic language (academic, social media) among Malaysian students of Jordanian universities? Do any significant differences exist in the level of Arabic language practiced by Malaysian students of Jordanian universities in relation to certain variables? Results indicate that the Malaysian students had a medium level of practice of Arabic language. Significant differences were observed among gender, marital status, and field of study variables, whereas no significant difference was identified among university, level of study, distance of residence to the university, previous school, housemate qualities, nor CGPA.

This study aims to collects and analysis data to measure the predictive ability of body image and self-acceptance on psychosocial performance among young women in Jordan. Questionnaires were applied to 82 young women, whose age ranged from 18–50 years using the available method. Three scales were used, which are body image and self-acceptance and psychosocial performance scales. Three variables were examined: marital status, educational qualification, and age. The study results showed that cultural factors are the most influential on body satisfaction among Jordanian young women, and the psychological aspect is the most affected aspect by self-acceptance among Jordanian young women, and that self-acceptance predicts psychosocial performance more than the body image variable, which comes in second place. There were no statistically significant differences due to each of the variables of social status, educational qualification, and age. The study recommends conducting more research on different samples from both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a sociolinguistic study that tries to investigate the peculiarity of the Bedouin dialect regardless of the place where it is used. Some variants that are used in their dialect are used wherever they are from. Two sounds in particular were chosen to carry out this study. These are the /?/ variant of the (Q) variable, and the /ts/ variant of the (K) variable. The study shows that some sounds that are known to be exclusively used by Bedouins, are still used by the old Bedouins wherever they live. For example, Old informants from Jordan used the /ts/ variant within the tribe domains, and the old informants from other tribes living in Saudi Arabia used it as well. This is also seen with regard to the /?/ sound. The /?/ is used also in relatively high percentage in the speech of the old in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. This shows that belonging to the Bedouin group per se, is what matters in determining the sound used regardless of the region to which one belongs. Unlike the rural people who might use the different alternates of the (Q) variable depending on the region to which they belong, for example, [k] is used in some parts of Palestine while [q] is used in other parts like Tirat Haifa village in the northern part of Palestine. Bedouins are consistent in using the [g] variant or the /?/ of the (Q) variable regardless of the area where they live. In other words, the two sounds appear in the dialects of the Bedouins whether they live in Jordan or Saudi Arabia. This raises the possibility that their sharing the same culture (being Bedouins) leads to their sharing these linguistic features. Part of their culture is belonging to their tribes as they are traditionally divided into tribes. The dialect of the tribe remains important where ever they are.

The goal of this study is to determine the perceptions that the teaching staff of the Faculty of Education at University of Al-Yarmouk (Jordan) have of the implementation of distance learning in virtual environments, more specifically, the professors' opinion of the potential and limitations of this educational strategy. To fulfil this goal, we developed a survey study. The main findings indicate that, overall, distance education in virtual environments has earned a good opinion among the professors who participated in the study, although the potential benefits of distance education are the most highly valued dimension. The professors rank the dimensions of goals and difficulties in implementing this educational strategy second, and planning the third and lowest dimension. Further, some identifying variables (e.g., department, gender) show statistically significant differences relative to the dimensions of the scale used.

aim,1 Mohammed AL-Ithawi,1 Obada Mohammad Mansour,1 Anoud Hamati,1 Farah A Khraisat,2 Hadi Abu-Hantash41Cardiology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 2Cardiology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 3Cardiology Section, Internal Medicine Department, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Cardiology, Amman Surgical Hospital, Amman, Jordan Correspondence: Mahmoud Izraiq, Email [email protected] Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global health challenge affecting millions, with significant variations in patient characteristics and outcomes based on ejection fraction. This study aimed to differentiate between HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with respect to patient characteristics, risk factors, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes, incorporating advanced machine learning models for mortality prediction. Methodology: The study included 1861 HF patients from 21 centers in Jordan, categorized into HFrEF (EF < 40%) and HFpEF (EF ≥ 50%) groups. Data were collected from 2021 to 2023, and machine learning models were employed for mortality prediction. Results: Among the participants, 29.7% had HFpEF and 70.3% HFrEF. Significant differences were noted in demographics and comorbidities, with a higher prevalence of males, younger age, smoking, and familial history of premature ASCVD in the HFrEF group. HFpEF patients were typically older, with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Machine learning analysis, mainly using the Random Forest Classifier, demonstrated significant predictive capability for mortality with an accuracy of 0.9002 and an AUC of 0.7556. Other models, including Logistic Regression, SVM, and XGBoost, also showed promising results. Length of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and number of hospital admissions were the top predictors of mortality in our study. Conclusion: The study underscores the heterogeneity in patient profiles between HFrEF and HFpEF. Integrating machine learning models offers valuable insights into mortality risk prediction in HF patients, highlighting the potential of advanced analytics in improving patient care and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims at identifying the difficulties affecting the student in the area of reading comprehension skill in English language curricula, measuring the differences in English language teachers' attitudes towards difficulties that seventh grade students face in reading comprehension skill for English language according to personal variables. The researcher has used descriptive method because it is suitable for the purposes of this study. The researcher has chosen a sample randomly with percentage of 66% at least of the study population (target group), where the number of sample individuals is (85) male/female teachers of English language at AL Karak departments of education.The study shows the presence of a high degree at the scale of difficulties that seventh grade students face in reading comprehension skill of English language curricula. The answers average of total degree is (3.74). At the level of scale areas, we note that three areas have a high degree while one area has a medium degree. The highest averages are in the area of problems and difficulties that reduce the efficiency of comprehension process with an average of (4.00) and a standard deviation (0.57), while the lowest averages are in the area of reading comprehension skills with an average of (3.66) and a standard deviation (0.65). The study shows the absence of statistical significant differences of study sample answers on difficulties that seventh grade students face in reading comprehension skills for English language curricula due to the gender difference.According to the results of this study, the researcher recommends the following: Conduct training courses for teachers of seventh grade and provide them with modern trends in teaching English language and Reading Comprehension to students; provide linguistic laboratories that will allow students to practically apply English as it's the language of communication and contact; and to encourage students to use English as a means of communication among each other and between them and their teachers instead of excessive use of Arabic language.

The current study aimed to identify the relationships among family climate characteristics and psychological resilience among (female) counselling students at one university in Jordan. A family climate scale and a psychological resilience scale were administered to a sample of 157 students. Results indicated high levels of both positive family climate and psychological resilience, with no differences in family climate shown due to the variables of birth order or academic year. Differences appeared in psychological resilience according to the birth order variable in favour of the eldest girl in the family, and according to the academic year variable and in favour of the fourth-year students. Positive family climate was positively correlated with psychological resilience." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with autism require sex education more than others. In particular, mothers provide timely sexual education and safety orientation. However, since parents and caregivers do not understand their children's sexual requirements, children with autism and other impairments generally get less comprehensive education. Training and assistance lessen the risk of sexual exploitation or abuse. It aimed to discover how much Jordanian mothers know about the sexual abuse of their children with autism and how a training program has helped them learn more. Also, a training program will be used to see how Jordanian mothers' education level affects their children's knowledge and development. The research instrument was administered to a random sample of 91 mothers of children with autism in the Ajloun governorate (Jordan). 56 paragraphs cover five dimensions of mothers' level of knowledge. 12 mothers were trained to understand sexual assault. The awareness scale examined before and after the impact of the training program. The training boosted mothers' comprehension of sexual abuse statistically. The research sample's arithmetic means on each dimension of the mothers' knowledge scale concerning sexual abuse and together owing to the mother's educational qualification variable were statistically significant. Mothers with bachelor's or postgraduate degrees learn more than those with secondary education. This study suggests that children with autism may benefit from sex education to lessen sexual assault risks, as well as opportunity to understand healthy sexuality. Parents and schools should provide sex education programs for specific interventions to assist children with autism in understanding their sexual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan as a Mediterranean country is facing climatic change which results in increasing temperatures and a reduction in precipitation. So, there is a need to find sorghum genotypes that can resist such variations in environmental conditions. Field experiments were conducted under semi-arid conditions at the Dir-Alla agriculture research station in Jordan Valley to evaluate eight sorghum genotypes (ICSV_745, CSV_93046_9, CSV_15, JJ_1041, ICSV_112, S_35, ICSR_93034, EZRA' 7) for their stability, above-ground biomass, seed yield, and number of cuts under drought-prone environment. Results showed genotypic differences in WUE, above-ground biomass, seed yield, and HI. WUE increased with an improved HI leading to higher above-ground biomass. Linear relationships were observed between aboveground biomass, HI, and WUE. The results showed differences between the first cut compared to the following cuts. We recommend using VSV-15 with the highest value for both above-ground biomass and seed yield, followed by S_35. The S-35 showed optimistic potential to be used as fresh green forage when the whole plant is used at maturity, or can simply utilize the highest fresh weight achieved from its first cut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most widespread chronic endocrine diseases among children and adolescents globally. Many barriers contribute to the challenge of adherence to treatment regimens among adolescents with T1DM. Purpose: This study explores the barriers that influence adherence to treatment regimens among adolescents with T1DM. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory designs were utilized. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 76 adolescents with T1DM from three hospitals in Jordan who were asked to complete the T1DM Parents' and Adolescents' Knowledge Questionnaire-related barriers section (T1DM-PAKQ). Results: Multiple regression revealed that six out of 12 factors significantly explained about 32% of the model. Barriers that significantly affect adherence to the treatment regimens among adolescents with T1DM include: psychological support (ß= 0.998, t= 21.218, p<0.001), the cost of reaching the hospital (ß= 0.961, t= 13.810, p <0.001), time available to communicate with the physician (ß = 0.981, t= 16.524, p <0.001), overcrowding of the outpatient clinic (ß = 0.921, t= 11.269, p <0.001), the hospital is far from home (ß = 0.885, t= 10.221, p <0.001), sick leave from my school or workplace (ß = 0.880, t= 9.939, p <0.001). Conclusion: For individuals with T1DM, adherence to a treatment regimen is crucial for managing the condition effectively and maintaining overall health. The findings from the present study suggest that adolescents' adherence to treatment regimens is influenced by barriers that could be managed. Implications for Nursing: Nurses in different positions should support adolescents with T1DM and assist them in adherence to treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Jordanian healthcare system was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as lockdowns and infections strained the healthcare system. The impact of the ensuing national lockdown on emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and mortality is unclear. Purpose: To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the pattern of emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and mortality at a major hospital in northern Jordan. Methods: An electronic database belonging to King Abdullah University Hospital was used for a retrospective analysis, and the data was accessed in 2022. All patients who visited the emergency department before, during, and after the lockdown in 2020 and 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time-series analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical variables, followed by the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test to detect mean differences. Results: ED visits decreased by 53.5% during the lockdown period and by 22% after the lockdown period compared to the same periods a year before. During lockdown, hospital admissions rose significantly from 11.8% in 2019 to 17.1% in 2020, with 23.96% critical care unit admissions. Post-lockdown, ED admissions increased from 11.3% in 2019 to 16.3% in 2020, with critical care admissions rising to 30.10%, and the mortality rate increased by 50%. Conclusion: The study concluded a decrease in hospital admissions and emergency visits during lockdown, but an increase in mortality rates. Future planning should focus on optimizing care for lifethreatening emergencies, improving national emergency preparedness, and developing Hospital Readiness Checklists for effective response to emergencies like COVID-19. Implications for Nursing: Nursing has faced challenges and changes due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Patient admissions decreased after the 2020 lockdown, impacting nursing practice, mental health, and patient care. Nurses should be adapted to telehealth services, maintain care remotely, and address nurses' mental health issues. Virtual tools should be utilized to connect with patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Worldwide, refugees may have some difficulties in accessing healthcare services. However, little is known about the factors that may predict the level of accessibility to the public healthcare system in the host countries. (2) Aim: To examine the level of accessibility of Syrian refugees to the public healthcare system in Jordan and further to identify the prediction of socioeconomic factors and barriers to healthcare access. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenient sample of 356 Syrian refugees residing outside camps (Irbid, Ajloun, and Jarash). Data were collected using the Access to Healthcare Services Scale instrument (adopted from the Canadian Community Health Survey), which is composed of 2 sections: the general access scale (8 items) and the difficulties scale (20 items). One-way ANOVA test and independent t-test were used to examine epidemiological correlations among variables, whereas a hierarchical linear regression model was used to examine the predictability of socioeconomic factors and barriers to overall access to the public healthcare system by exploring the incremental impact of additional predictors. (4) Results: the mean age of the 356 participants was 35.22 years old, 56.5% were female, 67.4% were married, most of them 46.1% have secondary education, and non-employed 69.9%. Significant associations were observed among participants with different marital status (p < 0.001), educational level (mean 11.85 vs. 19.85, p < 0.001), working status (15.47 vs. 17.93, p < 0.001), family household number (16.42 vs. 17.0, p < 0.001), and health insurance (none: 15.50 vs. governmental 24.50, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most important factors that may predict the overall access to healthcare services were: family monthly income (beta −0.19, p < 0.001), household family number (beta 0.17, <0.001), health insurance (beta −0.09, p = 0.047), and barriers (beta −0.43, <0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounding effects: sex, age, educational level, and place of residence. (5) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that socioeconomic factors and barriers may considerably predict overall access to public healthcare in Jordan. It is crucially important, therefore, for the Jordanian government and international organizations to create and develop strategic plans and programs that enhance refugees' access to health services, positively impacting their health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives on employee retention rates in private hospitals in Jordan. Additionally, this study investigates the mediator function of employee trust in private hospitals regarding the relationship between CSR initiatives and employee retention. A stratified sample of 363 personnel from private hospitals in northern Jordan is used, representing four distinct groups: physicians, nurses, technicians, and administrators. The data analysis uses the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The results indicate that corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures and trust in private hospitals in Jordan benefit employee retention. Furthermore, the level of trust in hospitals plays a crucial role in mediating the connection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and the ability to retain employees. These findings hold promise for the healthcare sector in Jordan, offering potential solutions to the pressing issue of employee retention and the potential to improve patient care quality significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to identify the forms of violence against women and girls with disabilities and their relationship to psychological well-being. The study used a descriptive approach with a correlational study design. We selected the study sample using stratified random sampling, which included 220 girls and women with physical and sensory disabilities aged 14 to 30 years from primary and secondary schools as well as universities in the Ajloun region of northern Jordan. We collected data using a scale for forms of violence (16 items) and a scale for psychological wellbeing (28 items) after verifying their validity and reliability in the Jordanian context. According to the study sample, the forms of violence against girls and women with disabilities were moderate. Familial violence ranked first and was at a high level, followed by societal violence at a moderate level, and self-assault ranked third at a moderate level. The results also showed that the overall level of psychological well-being and its six domains (self-acceptance, independence, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships with others, and purpose in life) among girls and women with disabilities were low. Additionally, there was a statistically significant negative correlational relationship between the forms of violence against girls and women with disabilities and psychological well-being. The study recommends counseling programs to train women and girls with disabilities on coping mechanisms for different forms of violence and improve their levels of psychological well-being. It also emphasizes raising awareness and societal culture towards women and girls with disabilities and reaffirming their right to live independently, freely, and with dignity by preserving their personal and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine deficiency (ID) is a significant global public health issue, particularly affecting low-income countries. The iodization of salt is a widely adopted method to prevent iodine deficiency. This study aimed to assess the iodine content of iodized salt at the market level in various cities within the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ). We collected 152 salt samples from 24 different brands across three cities in Jordan: Amman, Zarqa, and Mafraq. The analysis was conducted using a titration method. The mean iodine content in salt samples varied by city, with values of 5.45 ppm in Mafraq, 10.33 ppm in Amman, and 13.22 ppm in Zarqa, ranging from 0 to 36 ppm. Significant differences in iodine concentration were observed within the same city across different brands (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, variations were noted in iodine content for samples from the same brand collected in different cities, and even among samples from the same brand at the same location. Of the 152 samples evaluated, an average of 76.5% had iodine levels below the 15 ppm recommended by UNICEF. There was considerable variation in mean iodine content among brands, cities, and even within samples of the same brand. This indicates that the salt iodization process requires ongoing monitoring, and the government should enhance efforts to oversee the iodization process and improve the accessibility and utilization of iodized salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient satisfaction is a vital parameter that helps the decision makers to assess the quality of provided health care services and identifying the different factors that are responsible for sustainability of these services. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the reasons for community pharmacy attendance, evaluate patients' satisfaction regarding pharmaceutical services provided by community pharmacies in the southern cities of Jordan and identify the factors that affect the satisfaction. Material and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted for 3 months. The participants (n=1000) were picked randomly from patients who were more than 18 years old and attended the randomly selected community pharmacies (n=40) in the southern cities of Jordan. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20.0. Patients' satisfaction was measured using a three-point Likert scale. An independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the impact of demographic factors on the degree of satisfaction. The statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: A total of 1000 patients participated in this study. The majority of respondents (68.3%) were female. Approximately half of the respondents 48.2% reported that they are fairly healthy. Respondents attended a pharmacy for purchasing prescribed medications (70.7%) and they showed hesitation in receiving new services such as a smoking cessation program (5.1%). Patients in the southern cities of Jordan showed a moderate level of satisfaction regarding overall provided services with a mean score (2.23 out of 3), which is equal to 74.3%. The patients were dissatisfied with the lack of patient privacy with a mean score (1.32 out of 3) and the educational level of the pharmacy staff with a mean score (1.52out of 3). Conclusion: In South Jordan, patients attended community pharmacies to receive traditional services and they hesitated to receive new services. Patients were moderately satisfied with community pharmacy services, and they expected much from pharmacists. Demographic characteristics were not the factors that affected patients' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Governments are concerned about medication costs and the availability of medications in healthcare systems. Medications shortages lead to added expenses, such as transportation costs and purchasing from a single supplier. No previous research has been conducted with the Jordanian Joint Procurement Department (JPD) to address this issue. Objective: This study aims to investigate Jordan's purchasing system and provide suggestions for improving medication availability, in particular, to reduce costs, stock-outs, and shortages of medications. This study compares the one-year purchasing versus the two-year purchasing system for public tender medications. Study design: the present study followed a retrospective study design, with questionnaires for validation and conduct. We also conducted a cost analysis to compare the savings of purchasing medications for one year with two years. Method: A 15-question questionnaire was meticulously created and extensively validated by experts in the field for both face and content validity. The questionnaire was then completed by pharmacists from the Jordan Food and Medication Association and JPD. Furthermore, statistical analytical methods were used to identify the most optimal cost-benefit scenario for medications. Results: In the survey, 81 pharmacists participated and shared their views on the purchasing system in the JPD. As per the majority of the participants (71.6%), the two-year purchasing system ensures the availability of medications and minimises stock-out situations compared with the one-year system. Additionally, 79.0% of the sample said that purchasing a larger quantity of medications is beneficial. The study findings showed that following the two-year purchasing system, a saving of 5,218,875.92 JD was achieved, which accounted for 2.5% of the total savings. Conclusion: This novel study captures pharmacists' views on JPD procurement systems, highlighting the cost benefits of the two-year model over the one-year model. It urges policymakers to shift, enhancing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the inheritance of MEFV gene mutations. Patients with FMF are at increased risk of secondary amyloidosis, namely type AA. In some Mediterranean populations, the a genotype was associated with the development of renal amyloidosis, a finding not reproduced in other populations. Our study aimed to assess the association of SAA I genotypes with renal involvement. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of FMF patients which were followed at our institute between January 2016 and August 2022. Familial Mediterranean Fever screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using bivariate logistic regression. Results: MEFV analysis of the studied patients (n = 427) identified 52 patients with a homozygous genotype (12.1%) and 374 with a heterozygous genotype (87.5%). The heterozygous group were mostly heterozygous carriers of a single FMF variant (81%), while 19% were compound heterozygous. Renal involvement was revealed in 95 patients (22.2%), which were manifested as proteinuria (21.3%) and/or renal impairment in 4 patients (3%). The clinical diagnosis of amyloidosis was suspected in 6 patients only (1.4%). Analysis for SAAI gene genotype-phenotype correlation showed that patients with the SAAI. III.I (OR = 0.54, P = .452) was not statistically associated with renal involvement. Pearson Chi-square was performed to examine the association between FMF homozygosity and each SAAI genotype, which showed a significant association between FMF gene homozygosity with SAAI.III.I genotype (χ²= 8.06, P = .018). Conclusion: In our Jordanian FMF population, we report low rates of renal involvement with a high rate of the β haplotype (SAAI.5). Neither the α/α nor the β/β genotypes were associated with evidence of renal involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]