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The choice of irrigation method depends on the crop, soil, terrain, hydrogeological and climatic conditions, as well as the level of agricultural production development. Sprinkler irrigation has traditionally been used in the northern regions of Kazakhstan due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region and the composition of cultivated crops. The purpose of this research was to study the impact of water-saving irrigation technology on the yield of grain crops in the northern region of Kazakhstan. Experimental studies were conducted in 2022 at an experimental station located in the Akkayin District of the North Kazakhstan region. The main objects of the study were Astana spring wheat, Sabir spring barley, and Dauren spring triticale. It was planned to use a sprinkler irrigation system with a modern sprinkler machine for the irrigation of crops. Control fields without irrigation were used to analyze the effect of irrigation. It was established that the main effect of irrigation can be observed in an elevation in the productive bushiness of crops in irrigated areas, leading to a yield increase. The yield of spring wheat under irrigation was 29.3 c/ha, while did not exceed 24.9 c/ha on a plot without irrigation. The yield of spring barley under irrigation was 46.9 c/ha, whereas was at the level of 34.4 c/ha without irrigation. Spring triticale had a yield of 41.6 c/ha when irrigated, while did not exceed 28.0 c/ha without irrigation. The irrigation effect can be noted as significant based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for grain crops led to conducting this study on developing methods using 15N in 2015-2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture, Almalybak Village, Almaty Region, Southeastern Kazakhstan. Nitrogen use efficiency using the stable isotope 15N in microfield experiments revealed that the assimilation of nitrogen fertilizers by grain crops largely depends on the norms, timing, fertilization method, and varietal parameters of the concerned crop. Based on morphophysiological methods of monitoring plant development conditions, the nitrogen fertilizers' role based on the development has been affirmative, with the optimal timing of their application also determined. Results show that grain crops use nitrogen productively with partial application at the beginning of tillering and tubing, respectively, and stages III and V of organogenesis. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, the significant varietal differences were evident. The help of an isotope label established the accurate nitrogen utilization coefficients of fertilizers based on the options ranging from 14.7% to 32.2%. Using the isotope method provides an opportunity for further development of practicing the most efficient techniques of applying fertilizers, which is an imperative method for determining the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important factors that has a negative impact on the health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a violation of the diet, due to insufficient consumption of high-grade proteins, vitamins, macro- and microelements and their irrational ratio. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, cereals are produced in large volumes, but there is no production of beverages based on vegetable raw materials, although the production of plantbased milk is already widespread throughout the world. The use of local vegetable raw materials from different regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the production technology of cereal milk beverages is an actual and promising direction in the food industry. The results of a study of the quality of the following selection grain crops of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented: rice "Syr Suluy", "Aykerim" and "Marzhan"; oats "Duman", "Bitik", "Arman"; buckwheat "Shortand in", "Batyr" and "Saulyk". The results of protein analysis in rice grains showed that the “Syr Suluy” variety has higher rates, which amounted to 7.96 %. In the studied samples of oat grains of the Duman variety, the mass fraction of carbohydrates is 2.8 %; 1.54 % higher than the varieties "Bitik" and "Arman". Protein analysis in buckwheat grains showed that the Shortandin variety (13.04 %) has higher rates. Studies have shown that the studied samples of grain crops in terms of safety comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On safety of grain". The data obtained will be used to develop new technologies for cereal beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research reported in this paper is grain and leguminous crops of Republic of Kazakhstan. Grains and leguminous crops, as well as products that are made from them, are of great importance in human nutrition because they are sources of protein, fat, carbohydrates, some vitamins, and macro and microelements. They contain plant fibers, as well as a number of biologically active substances necessary for the normal functioning of the entire human body. At the same time, modern technologies for processing and manufacturing products from cereals are associated with significant losses of nutrients embedded in them by nature when producing refined products. The problem that needs to be solved is to study the impact exerted on grain crops by various processing techniques and to propose the most optimal ones that make it possible to maximally preserve the nutrients of grain raw materials laid down by nature. A comparative study of the following grain processing techniques was carried out: micronization, extrusion, germination, and fine grinding. Processing modes have been proposed, which could significantly reduce the loss of useful substances of the grain. The chemical and vitamin composition of processed products has been studied. It was established that fine grinding and extrusion processing are the most acceptable because they allowed the use of grain without separating the shells containing the main nutrients of the grain. The suggested processing modes contribute to the production of grain bases and additives with the most optimal vitamin-mineral formulation. This study's results contributed to a better understanding of the impact of the examined techniques for processing grains and legumes on the vitamin-mineral complex of the resulting products. Grain processing modes can be recommended for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]