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In this article, the authors discuss the programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the prevention of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) known as sleeping sickness. They note that 24 countries, including Kenya, Liberia and Nigeria, have received support from WHO to examine their epidemiological status of HAT or to establish control and surveillance activities. They add that the number of cases reported has declined below 10,000 as the result of control and surveillance activities.