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Introduction: Mast cells are found in areas rich in connective tissues and beneath epithelial surfaces. Mast cells have been extensively studied for their orchestration of allergic reactions and autoimmunity. Mast cells infiltrate various prostatic lesions in varying concentrations. Autopsy specimens had not been investigated extensively in the previous literature. Aim: To find out a quantitative estimation of mast cells and the association of the number of mast cells in various prostatic lesions that included both inflammatory and neoplastic lesions in autopsy cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India from April 2017 to March 2018. Sixty autopsy specimens of the prostate were dissected from the deceased males above 30 years of age. Four to six paraffin embedded sections from different lobes and peri-urethral areas were taken. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections for histopathological diagnosis and toluidine-blue stain after water mounting to demonstrate mast cells by its metachromasia were performed. Mast cell densities were estimated by a light microscope under high power magnification (400X) on an average of 100 fields. Gross and microscopic findings were recorded. Data analysis correlation was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Mean and standard deviations were determined for different prostatic lesions. Group means were compared using the student's t-test. For statistical significance p-value of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: A total of 60 autopsy specimens of the prostate were studied comprising 8 (13.5%) specimens of normal prostate, which acted as a control, 6 (10%) specimens of prostatitis, 27 (45%) specimens of Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate (BHP), 12 (20%) specimens of BHP with Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN), 3 (5%) specimens of prostatitis with focal PIN and 4 (6.5%) specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mast Cell Density (MCD) was higher in prostatitis {6-8 per High Power Fields (HPF)}, compared to normal (1-3/HPF) and BHP (3-5/HPF), lowest in adenocarcinoma (1-2/HPF) and intermediate in PIN (2-4/HPF). Conclusion: Mast cell density was the lowest in prostatic adenocarcinoma and significantly higher in prostatitis, probably due to a lack of antitumour immunity in higher grades, whereas it was significantly higher in chronic non specific prostatitis possibly because of inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]