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geophysical survey was undertaken at Wiri area of the Andong in southeastern Korea to delineate subsurface structure and to detect the fault zone, which affected the 1997 mountain-hill subsidence and subsequent road heaving initiated by the intense rainfall. Electrical resistivity methods of dipole-dipole array profiling and Schlumberger array sounding and seismic methods of refraction and reflection profiling were used to map a clay zone, which was regarded as the major factor for the landslide. The clay zone was identified in electrical resistivity and seismic sections as having low electrical resistivity (<100 Ωm) and low seismic velocity (<400 m/s), respectively. The clay zone detected by using geophysical methods is well correlated with its distribution from the trench and drill-core data. The results of the electrical and seismic surveys showed that slope subsidence was associated with the sliding of saturated clay along a fault plane trending NNW-SSE and dipping 10°-20° SW. However, the road heaving was caused by the slope movement of the saturated clay along a sub-vertical NNE-trending fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop a web-based program on child health care, and to identify the effect of the program on knowledge of, attitudes towards child health care, and health care practice in staff of daycare centers. Methods: The program was developed through the processes of needs analysis, contents construction, design, development, and evaluation. After the program was developed, it was revised through feedback from 30 experts. To identify the effect of developed program, onegroup pretest-posttest design study was conducted with 64 staff members from 12 daycare centers in Korea. Results: The program was developed based on users' needs and consisted of five parts: health promotion, disease and symptoms management, oral health, injury and safety, sheets and forms. This study showed that the total score of staff who used the program was significantly higher in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and their health care practice compared with pretest score (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that this Web-based program can contribute to the child health promotion as well as can provide the staff with the insightful child health information. Therefore, it is expected that this program will be applied to staff of other child care settings for children's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods of physiotherapy have been advanced for apogeotropic type benign positional vertigo involving the horizontal semicircular canal (HC-BPV). The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacies of the proposed maneuvers in apogeotropic HC-BPV. Using a prospective randomized trial involving seven nationwide dizziness clinics in Korea, we compared the immediate efficacies of head-shaking and modified Semont maneuvers in 103 consecutive patients with apogeotropic HC-BPV. We also determined an additional therapeutic benefit of mastoid oscillation while the patients without response to both maneuvers were performing the Brandt–Daroff exercise. Successful treatment was defined as resolution of positional vertigo and nystagmus, or as transition into geotropic HC-BPV. Results showed that head shaking was more effective than the modified Semont maneuver (37.3 vs. 17.3%, P = 0.02). However, therapeutic efficacy did not differ between the maneuvers after the initial non-responders switched over to the other maneuver (23.3 vs. 25.0%, P = 0.861). Mastoid oscillation provided no additional benefit while the patients without response to both maneuvers were performing the Brandt–Daroff exercise. Most positional vertigos resolved within a week (89.4%) irrespective of the treatment modalities applied and all showed resolution within 28 days. The head-shaking maneuver described here proved more effective than the modified Semont maneuver in treating apogeotropic HC-BPV. Mastoid vibration conferred no additional benefit during the Brandt–Daroff exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effects of the change of organisational missions and R&D performance management systems on knowledge transfers within national innovation systems. From the longitudinal and illustrative case study of a Korean Government research institute, the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), this paper shows that many technologies were transferred to large companies in the early days and the amount of knowledge transferred to small- and medium-sized companies increased during the 1990s when systematic performance evaluation systems developed. Recently, the commercialisation of the R&D results through spin-offs has become a key mechanism of knowledge transfer. In addition to traditional knowledge transfer, the mobility of researchers has contributed to knowledge transfer over national innovation systems. The researchers have moved not only to the private sector to commercialise R&D results, but also to academic institutes to develop human resources within the national innovation system. This paper suggests some policy implications on how the change of R&D management systems of government research institutes could contribute to the development of national innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]