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Objective To investigate whether combined chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) confers a benefit for survival outcome over radiotherapy (RT) alone after primary surgery in patients with FIGO stage IIIC endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients with surgical stage IIIC endometrial cancer from 1990 to 2011. Adjuvant RT alone was performed in 85 patients (40.3%) and adjuvant CTRT in 126 patients (59.7%). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Stage IIIC1 and stage IIIC2 accounted for 63% and 37%, respectively. FIGO IIIC2 had a higher recurrence rate than FIGO IIIC1 (38.5% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.172). Five-year OS and DFS were lower in FIGO IIIC2 than FIGO IIIC1 (85.1% vs. 76.9%, p = 0.417; 71.0% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.108, respectively). Eighteen patients (13.5%) in stage IIIC1 developed PALN recurrence, whereas only one (3.3%) in stage IIIC2 had PALN recurrence (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, predictors of DFS were parametrial invasion (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.83–6.64; p < 0.001), higher grade (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.31–5.89; p = 0.008), and > 3 positive pelvic nodes (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11–3.05; p = 0.019). Combined CTRT did not affect DFS or OS in IIIC1 and IIIC2 compared with RT alone. Conclusion CTRT showed comparable survival outcome to RT alone. Half of relapses (46%) in stage IIIC1 occurred in PALN region, whereas relapse in stage IIIC2 primarily occurred in distant metastasis (90%). Future randomized studies are needed to determine which subgroup may be most likely to benefit from CCRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]