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Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a hypoxia-tolerant species, and the metabolic characteristics of hypoxia-tolerant species have become a focus of recent research. However, insights into the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of the livers of Brandt's voles under hypoxia remain limited. In this study, Brandt's voles and hypoxia-intolerant Kunming mice (Mus musculus , control species) were exposed to hypoxia conditions (Brandt's voles, 10% and 7.5% O 2 ; Kunming mice, 10% O 2) for 24 h, and changes in gene expression and enzyme activity related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in the livers were evaluated. Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2), pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to anaerobic metabolism in the livers of Brandt's voles were increased under 7.5% O 2. Regarding gene expression and enzyme activity for aerobic metabolism in Brandt's voles under 7.5% and 10% O 2 , pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression was up-regulated, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was decreased. In the livers of Kunming mice, gene expression related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism was increased at the late stage of 10% O 2 , and SDH activity was enhanced at 6 h and reduced at 18 h. In addition, PFK1 , PKM , PDK1 expression and SDH activity in Brandt's voles were significantly correlated with HIF-1a expression. PFK1 , PKM , LDH and PDK1 expression in Kunming mice were significantly correlated with HIF-1a expression. These findings indicate that the livers of Brandt's voles have a certain tolerance to hypoxia, and metabolic changes play important roles in hypoxia tolerance. [Display omitted] • Degree and duration of hypoxia caused changes in liver metabolism in Brandt's voles. • PDK1 expression and SDH activity in aerobic metabolism changed under 10 and 7.5% O 2. • Gene expressions related to anaerobic metabolism were enhanced under 7.5% O 2. • Linear regression analysis showed that HIF-1a expression may promote these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]