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Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of Brassica rapa and explore its mechanism by network pharmacology approach. Methods: The hypolipidemic activity of Brassica rapa aqueous extract (BRAE) was evaluated by bile salt-binding capacity and oleic acid-induced HepG2 steatosis cell model. The active compounds of Brassica rapa were collected from literature, and targets were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction and SEA Search Server platform. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct "compound-target" network. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by String platform. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses based on DAVID database. Results: In vitro experiment showed that BRAE exhibited excellent bile salt-binding capacity, and the binding rates of sodium glycylcholate, sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate were 36.01%, 28.93% and 78.55% at 7 g.L-1, respectively. BRAE showed a significant hypolipidemic activity on steatosis cells, which can reduce the accumulation of lipid droplets and the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) compared with the model group (P<0.05). 21 active components of Brassica rapa and 682 potential targets were obtained, among which 55 targets were associated with hyperlipidemia. The "compound-target" network showed that 6-paradol, 6-shogaol, benzyl-beta-Dglucopyranoside, benzyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside and liquiritigenin were core components. PPI network and KEGG enrichment analysis found that Brassica rapa could treat hyperlipemia by regulated the core targets, such as VEGFA, IL6, EGFR and PPARG, and affected 36 signaling pathways (including starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, insulin resistance, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt). Conclusion: This study showed that BRAE had excellent hypolipidemic activity in vitro, and preliminarily revealed the multi-component, multi-target, multi-path mechanism in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by network pharmacology approach, which provides a scientific foundation for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]