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Purpose: The combination of action and process has remained the attention of the psychology of entrepreneurship research. Moreover, special attention has also been paid to the whens and hows of entrepreneurial psychological training. Keeping this in view the current study has tested the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) training on small business entrepreneurial career resilience. Using action regulation theory (ART), a serial mediation model of IEO behaviour and entrepreneurial career adaptability is hypothesised. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a longitudinal randomised controlled field experiment in which the data were collected at four points. A total of 546 small business owners from Lahore, Pakistan, participated in this research (training group = 265, control group = 281). The data were analysed using ANCOVAs and PROCESS Model 6. Findings: The research has found that IEO training impacts the entrepreneurial career resilience of small business owners through the development of IEO behaviour and career adaptability. Originality/value: This experimental inquiry is a novel attempt to extend the career-related outcomes of IEO training (career resilience) based on ART through the mediating role of IEO behaviour and career adaptability. In addition, it has tested the IEO training in the developing country of Pakistan, which is a relevant context for enhancing its socio-economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) contaminate every conceivable terrestrial and aquatic environment including high peaks and deep marine trenches. Agricultural lands alone are expected to receive plastic up to 23 times more than ocean basins. In this study, soil samples were collected from peri-urban agricultural lands of Lahore on four sides including Kala Shah Kaku (KSK), Punjab University (PU), Dera Gujran (DG), and Sagian (SG). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) protocol was used for MPs extraction and analysis. Extracted MPs were analyzed under microscope at 40X magnification and their composition was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A considerable concentration of MPs was recorded at all sites. The highest contamination was found at SG with 876 ±194 MPs/kg of soil, and the lowest contamination was recorded at PU with 672 ±235 MPs/kg of soil. However, these differences among the sites were not statistically significant (p = 0.29). The overall predominant shape of MPs was fibers (613±71, 79.73%) followed by sheets (125±55, 16.28%), fragments (30±5, 3.9%) and foam particles (1±2,.09%). The differences in the distribution of MPs in various types were statistically significant (p = 0), while differences between sites were insignificant (p = 0.13). About 95% of MPs were less than 2 mm and 85% were less than 1 mm size. The distribution of MPs in various sizes (p = 0) and differences of this distribution between sites (p = 0.037) were both statistically significant. A good diversity of nine colored MPs was recorded, however majority of the MPs were transparent (89.57%). Six polymer including Polyethylene (PE), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) were identified by FTIR. The current levels of MPs pollution are higher than in many other parts of the world. Composition of MPs (types, colors, sizes, and polymer types) indicates the diversity of their sources and their possible implications on agricultural ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Coworker relationships are important in every organization and especially in higher educational institutions (HEIs); however, ostracism is one of the factors that deteriorate these relationships. This study aims to analyse the impact of coworker ostracism on coworker directed knowledge hiding through the mediating role of relational identification and the moderating role of perceived harming intention. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 241 teaching faculty members working in HEIs of Lahore were surveyed. By using the bootstrapping technique, mediation and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS models 4 and 7. Findings: The results concluded that perceived harming intention moderates the indirect relationship between coworker ostracism and coworker-directed knowledge hiding through relational identification with coworkers. Such that when more harmful intention is perceived the impact of coworker ostracism on coworker-directed knowledge hiding through reduced relational identification would be stronger. Practical implications: This study offers managerial implications for HEIs management and faculty for reducing coworker ostracism, improving relational identification and training about attribution techniques to minimize the impact of ostracism on knowledge hiding. Originality/value: This study has complimented and augmented the research strand of ostracism and knowledge hiding research from emphasizing lateral workplace relationships. Intertwining the Conservation of Resources Theory with Attribution theory a novel insight into the above-stated association is illuminated through the mediating role of relational capital and moderating role of perceived harming intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the conventional ways of teaching to new teaching methodologies thus finding their efficacy. It also highlights the significance of incorporating technology into teaching thereby creating a rich learning experience for students. Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Different Medical and Nursing Colleges and Universities of Punjab, Pakistan; Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad, University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad, Ameer-uddin Medical College Lahore, Nishtar Medical and Dental College Multan, Shareef Medical and Dental College, Continental Medical College Lahore. Period: June 2020 to August 2020. Material & Methods: Was conducted amongst 1600 medical, dental and nursing students from various medical and dental colleges across Pakistan. A questionnaire was circulated among students after briefing them about the objective of the study. Result: Out of 1600, 816 were MBBS students, 715 were BDS and 69 were nursing students. About various teaching methods, 53% in MBBS, 56.78% in BDS and 30.43% of nursing students were aware about new teaching methodologies. Tutorials were least known by MBBS students, online classes for BDS students whereas both methods of teaching were least popular amongst nursing students. A significant percentage of students were more in favor of group discussion as an effective method of teaching. Conclusion: This study concluded that student-centered learning should be focused on and new technologies should be incorporated in order to make medical education more interactive and interesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancerous drug causing free radical mediated cardiotoxicity. This damage is usually treated by drugs like Amlodipine. Objectives: To compare the protective effects of Amlodipine, Ficus carica leaf & fruit extracts on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: This study was conducted for 10 days, in Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Lahore. Total of 50 rats were divided into 5 groups with each group containing 10 rats. Group 1(control), Group 2 (DOX 15mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection), Group3 (DOX 15mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection + 5mg/kg/d of Amlodipine was given via NG tube daily for 10 days), Group 4 (DOX 15mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection + 400mg/kg/d of Ficus carica leaf extract orally for 10 days), Group 5 (DOX 15mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection + 400mg/kg/d of Ficus Carica fruit extract orally for 10 days). Results: DOX produced severe (Grade 3) damage to cardiac cells. Beneficial effects produced by Ficus Carica leaf and fruit extracts were comparable to that of Amlodipine. Both the extracts have significantly reduced the Oedema, vacuolization, myocardial atrophy and degeneration in cardiac cells of rats. Conclusion: The Ficus carica leaf and fruit extracts have potential to protect against the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to find out the association between basic psychological needs, fear of missing out (FOMO) and phubbing in university students with problematic smartphone use. Through the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 240 participants (men, Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 1.07 years; women, Mage = 20.76 years, SD = 0.89 years) was recruited from two private and two government university sectors of Lahore, Pakistan. Results were generated by using Multiple Hierarchical Regression, and Amos Path Analysis. The study depicted that psychological needs and FOMO emerged as predictors of phubbing. Furthermore, it was supported that fear of missing out acted as a mediator between psychological needs and phubbing. The findings of the study have yielded vital implications as a thorough understanding of problematic smartphone use will help raise awareness and educate the youth about its detrimental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: As Rotavirus leads to significant morbidity in children 2 months to 5 years, this study was done to observethe effect of one dose of nitazoxanide on the total duration of rotavirus diarrhea.The primary objective was to evaluate thereduction inthe mean duration of viral diarrhea in children after administration of first dose of Nitazoxanide. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study was done in the Department of Pediatric Medicine Unit I, Mayo Hospital, Lahore fromJan 2016 to June 2016 after approval from the ethical review committee. Sample size calculated was 175 using WHO sample size calculator. Patients of 4-5 years were given 200 mg nitazoxanide twice daily for 3 days; 100 mg nitazoxanide was given twice daily to 12-47 months age group, and patient of <12 months age were given 7.5 mg/kgtwice day along with routine care and were followed 12 hourly till the passage of normally formed stools. Duration of diarrhea was recorded. RESULTS: Out of 175 cases, 58.9%(n=103) were between 2-36 months age while 41.2%(n=72) were 37-60 months age, mean+SD was calculated as 35.06+13.34 months, meanreduction in duration of rotavirus diarrhea in children after administration of first dose of Nitazoxanide was recorded as 32.85+2.32 hours. CONCLUSION: With the use of nitazoxanide along with routine care for rotavirus diarrhea children, the mean duration of rotavirus diarrhea was reported to be less than 1.5 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of cervical cerclage with vaginal progesterone in patients with cervical insufficiency. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: The study involved 188 pregnant women with cervical insufficiency reporting in outpatient Department. After taking informed consent, the outcome variables age, number of mid-trimester pregnancy losses, body mass index and gestational age were recorded on specially designed proforma. Efficacy as if pregnancy was carried to 37 weeks of gestation was recorded. 93 patients were inducted in cerclage arm and 95 patients were treated with vaginal progesterone 400 mg once daily. Results: The mean age of the patients with cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone was 31.622 ± 1.90 years and 31.42 ± 1.86 years respectively, while mean gestational age of cervical cerclage group was 21.840 ± 1.46 weeks and vaginal progesterone was 21.46 ± 1.52 weeks. The mean number of mid-trimester pregnancy losses with cervical cerclage was 2.39 ± 0.63 and vaginal progesterone was 2.44 ± 0.84. The mean body mass index of cervical cerclage group was 27.84 ± 1.86 kg/m2 and vaginal progesterone group was 28.01 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Efficacy in cervical cerclage group was seen in 79 (84.9%) patients and in 82 (86.3%) patients in vaginal progesterone group. Conclusion: Prophylactic cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone were equally effective in preventing preterm birth in patients with high risk of cervical insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of complete and partial remission after 2 courses of hyper CVAD regimen in newly diagnosed patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 100 patients of ALL presenting to the oncology department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and fulfilling the inclusion criteria from 01-012016 to 30-12-2016. Patients were undergone treatment with hyper CVAD regimen according to the standard protocol. Complete or partial remission rate was checked after 2 session of hyper CVAD regimen. CT scan (chest and abdomen) was performed for confirmation of extramedullary disease. RESULTS: The mean age of study population was 35.68 ± 8.69 years. There were 48% male patients while female patients were 52%. Complete remission was present in 72% patients. Partial remission was present in 24% patients. There was no significant association between complete remission and age (p-value=0.497). No significant association was found between partial remission and age (p-value=0.103). Significant association was found between partial remission and complete remission with gender having p-value=0.001 and 0.01 respectively. CONCLUSION: The frequency of complete and partial remission after 2 courses of hyper CVAD regimen in newly diagnosed patients of ALL was 72% and 24% respectively. Effect modifiers have no significant influence except gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 31% of all deaths worldwide and 80%of all CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CVDs. Hypercholesterolemia is the major cause of atherosclerosis. Based on a literature search, no studies have been published concerning the cholesterol lowering effects of Citrus paradisi (Grape fruit) peel extract in human beings so far. Objective: To assess cholesterol lowering effect of Citrus paradisi peel extract (CPE) in hypercholestrolemic patients in an urban community at Lahore. Material & Methods: A double blind, placebo-controlled, multicentred, randomized control trial was conducted in Lahore urban community for a period of 6 weeks with the help of family physicians from Sep.2016 to March 2017. The study included randomly selected 200 hypercholesterolemic male patients of age group 40 to 70 years, non-smokers, not in habit of doing exercise daily, and who consented to the trial. Selected patients were placed in 2 groups i.e trial(CPE) group and placebo group. In trial group, patients were treated with CPE (10 meg in 2 divided doses) for 6 weeks. In placebo group similar looking preparation was given to the patients for the same period. Evaluation of lipid profile was the outcome measure. Results: There was significant reduction in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein whereas significant improvement in high density lipoprotein level in the CPE group as compared with placebo group (p<0.001). Regarding blood profile, no adverse event was observed. Conclusion: C.paradisi extract(CPE) significantly reduced cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the protective effect of human milk on development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm babies. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University Lahore, Department of pediatrics over a period of 11 months, from Feb 2016 to Dec 2016. Material and Methods: A total 142 preterm babies with birth weight <2.5kg and gestation age <37 weeks were included by non-probability convenient sampling. Neonates were assessed and grouped according to the type of feeding. Eye examination was performed minimally at 4 weeks of life and then serially by trained consultant in the Department of Ophthalmology. Data were analyzed through SPSS 20.0 and Chi square test was applied. Results: Mean age at enrollment was 11.22 ± 16.48 days. Mean gestational age was 33.1 ± 13.06 weeks and mean birth weight recorded was 1.7 ± 0.43 kilograms. Among the study cases, 84 (59.2%) babies were on human milk and 58 (40.8%) were taking formula milk. Mean duration of oxygen therapy was 3.7 ± 3.77 days. Changes compatible with ROP was found in 9 (6.3%) cases. Among human milk fed babies, three babies (3.57%) developed ROP and in formula fed group, 6 (10.3%) babies developed changes of ROP. Thus, the risk of developing ROP was higher in formula milk fed babies as compared to human milk. However protective effect was not statistically significant as shown by value of Chi-square test: 2.65 (p-value=0.103). Conclusion: Though human milk was protective for the development of ROP but result was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of nasal continuous positive airways pressure by infant flow driver in neonates admitted with respiratory problems. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at CMH Lahore from April 2012 to March 2013. Subjects and Methods: All infants who were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for various indications at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of CMH Lahore were evaluated for gestational age, weight, gender, indications and duration on nCPAP, pre-defined outcomes, complications and length of hospital stay. Efficacy was defined as the ability to manage an infant on nCPAP alone thus avoiding the need for mechanical ventilation. Results: During the study period, 343 neonates were admitted in NICU. Forty five neonates were placed on nCPAP. Mean gestational age was 33.85 ± 3 weeks. Mean weight was 2043 ± 770 grams. Main indications for applying nCPAP were respiratory distress syndrome (48.9%) and neonatal pneumonia (17.8%). Most common complication was abdominal distension (6.7%). Out of 45 infants placed on nCPAP, 32 (71.1%) were managed on nCPAP alone while 13 (28.9%) needed mechanical ventilation after nCPAP failure. Conclusion: Nasal CPAP by an infant flow driver is a useful method to manage respiratory distress in neonates. It reduces the need for mechanical ventilation and can be used as first line respiratory support before mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]