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Aim: To investigate the frequency of different etiologies of acute scrotal pain in males presenting to the emergency department at American University of Beirut Medical Center in Beirut, Lebanon., Materials and Methods: In all, 94 patients between the ages 18 and 40 years presenting to the emergency room at American University of Beirut Medical Center with acute scrotum were recruited. The scrotum was inspected with palpation, and Doppler Ultrasound of the testicle was performed by a radiology resident to confirm the diagnosis. The study results were then collected after the official reports were signed by a board-certified radiology attending with expertise in ultrasound., Results: Of the 94 patients presenting with acute scrotal pain, 23.4% (95% confidence interval (0.70-0.87)) had no ultrasound findings and were considered normal. On the other hand, 54.3% (95% confidence interval (0.45-0.66)) were diagnosed with varicocele, 9.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04-0.16)) were diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis, and 9.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04-0.16)) had a history of trauma to the testicle. Patients presenting with acute scrotum had a pain duration of 13.2 ± 4.5 h, with 10.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04-0.17)) having associated urinary symptoms, 18.1% (95% confidence interval (0.09-0.25)) have had sexual activity within 48 h of presentation, and 10.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04-0.17)) were pre-diagnosed with varicocele., Conclusion: Varicocele is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in patients presenting to American University of Beirut Medical Center in Beirut. This should direct varicocele to the top of our differential when a patient with acute scrotum presents to the emergency department. Nevertheless, ruling out torsion remains the first step in the workup.

Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the results of constrained total hip arthroplasty as a primary treatment of intertrochanteric fractures (ITF) in elderly patients with high comorbidities., Materials and Methods: Total hip replacement (THR) with a retentive cup was performed on 73 patients with ITF over the age of 54 years who had high comorbidities and a Charlson score above five. Short- and long-term complications were determined by follow-up. Bivariate analysis was conducted in order to determine the possible determinants of mortality and factors associated with comorbidity as measured by the Charlson comorbidities index., Results: Patient demographics that consisted of females (58.9%) (p < 0.04) with the mean age of both males and females demonstrated no statistical significance. The mean hospitalization time and weight bearing time were 11 and 2.67 days, respectively. Only 4.1% needed re-intervention due to re-fracture and none due to prosthesis failure. There was a statistical significance between the comorbidity index and the mortality rate. However, no statistical significance was identified between the comorbidity index and the functional status after constrained THR., Conclusion: High comorbidity index is not associated with high morbidity and mortality when employing constrained arthroplasty as a primary treatment for ITF in elderly patients.