1. Phenotypic and Molecular Spectrum of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome: A Study of 24 Patients.
- Author
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Al Mutairi F, Alfadhel M, Nashabat M, El-Hattab AW, Ben-Omran T, Hertecant J, Eyaid W, Ali R, Alasmari A, Kara M, Al-Twaijri W, Filimban R, Alshenqiti A, Al-Owain M, Faqeih E, and Alkuraya FS
- Subjects
- Atrophy pathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Consanguinity, Female, Humans, Infant, Libya, Male, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System complications, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System genetics, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System pathology, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System physiopathology, Epilepsy etiology, Epilepsy genetics, Epilepsy pathology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Muscle Spasticity etiology, Muscle Spasticity genetics, Muscle Spasticity pathology, Muscle Spasticity physiopathology, Nervous System Malformations complications, Nervous System Malformations genetics, Nervous System Malformations pathology, Nervous System Malformations physiopathology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders etiology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders physiopathology, Ribonucleases genetics, Seizures etiology, Seizures genetics, Seizures pathology, Seizures physiopathology, White Matter pathology
- Abstract
Background: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder with variable clinical manifestations. Molecular detection of specific mutations is required to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and molecular diagnostic findings in 24 individuals with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome who presented during childhood in an Arab population., Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 24 patients from six tertiary hospitals in different Arab countries. All included patients had a molecular diagnosis of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome., Results: Six individuals with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (25%) had a neonatal presentation, whereas the remaining patients presented during the first year of life. Patients presented with developmental delay (24 cases, 100%); spasticity (24 cases, 100%); speech delay (23 cases, 95.8%); profound intellectual disability (21 cases, 87.5%); truncal hypotonia (21 cases, 87.5%); seizures (eighteen cases, 75%); and epileptic encephalopathy (15 cases, 62.5%). Neuroimaging showed white matter abnormalities (22 cases, 91.7%), cerebral atrophy (75%), and small, multifocal calcifications in the lentiform nuclei and deep cerebral white matter (54.2%). Homozygous mutations were identified in RNASEH2B (54.2%), RNASEH2A (20.8%), RNASEH2C (8.3%), SAMHD1 (8.3%), TREX1 (4.2%), and heterozygous mutations in IFIH1 (4.2%), with c.356A>G (p.Asp119Gly) in RNASEH2B being the most frequent mutation. Three novel mutations c.987delT and c.625 + 1G>A in SAMHD1 gene and c.961G>T in the IFIHI1 gene were identified., Conclusions: This is the largest molecularly confirmed Aicardi-Goutières syndrome cohort from Arabia. By presenting these clinical and molecular findings, we hope to raise awareness of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and to demonstrate the importance of specialist referral and molecular diagnosis., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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