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Based on the original research of 2017–2018, also reference data, four aphid species and five species complexes of the family Adelgidae listed for Lithuanian fauna. Pineus (Pineus) strobi (Hartig, 1839) is a new species for the fauna of Lithuania. Summarized information on the distribution and host specificity of adelgid species in Lithuania is presented. The most common species recorded from all geographical regions of Lithuania were the ones belonging to the species complexes Adelges laricis – A. tardus, Pineus orientalis – P. pini, Sacchiphantes viridis – S. abietis and Gilletteella cooleyi – G. coweni. Six species of Adelgidae inhabit host plants of the genus Picea, three live on Larix, three – on Pinus, two – on Abies, one – on Pseudotsuga. Partial sequences of mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) DNA of Lithuanian samples were analysed in comparison with available data from GeneBank representing samples from Central Europe. Pairwise distances of COI and EF-1α fragments between samples belonging to species complexes Adelges laricis – A. tardus, Dreyfusia nordmannianae – D. piceae, Sacchiphantes viridis – S. abietis, Gilletteella cooleyi – G. coweni and Pineus orientalis – P. pini suggest each species complex being a single species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on research carried out from 2016 to 2018 there are twenty-six species of aphids of the tribe Eulachnini in Lithuania. Seventeen are members of the subgenus Cinara of the genus Cinara, three of the subgenus Cupressobium and two of the subgenus Schizolachnus. In addition, there are four species of the genus Eulachnus. Summarized information on the distribution and host specificity of Eulachnini in Lithuania is presented. Nine species were in all climatic regions of Lithuania: C. (Cinara) brauni, C. (Cinara) hyperophila, C. (Cinara) neubergi, C. (Cinara) piceicola, C. (Cinara) pinea, C. (Cinara) pini, C. (Cinara) pruinosa, C. (Cupressobium) cupressi and C. (Cupressobium) juniperi. Five species of Lithuanian Eulachnini inhabit host plants of the genus Picea, three live on Larix, thirteen on Pinus, one on Abies, one on Thuja and three on Juniperus. Cinara (Cinara) piniphila was recorded on Pinus mugo and C. (Cinara) nuda on Pinus heldreichii for the fi rst time. Partial COI and EF-1a sequences of C. (Cinara) hyperophila, C. (Cinara) pilosa and C. (Cinara) piceicola were obtained for the fi rst time. Partial sequences of mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1a) DNA of Lithuanian samples were used to explore molecular diversity using NJ trees, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). Species delimitation using GMYC (both on COI and EF-1a sequences), PTP (BI on COI) and ABGD (EF-1a) were the most consistent with traditional classifi cations. Pairwise between-species sample divergences (COI and EF-1a fragments) of the samples of the species complex C. (Cinara) pinea - C. (Cinara) piniphila indicate it is composed of a single species. Of the species of aphids that live on conifers, there are seven species of the tribe Eulachnini that are likely to shortly colonize Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]