Search

• 4D GIS-MFA-LCA model was used to analyze the characteristic of BMS, BW and ECEs. • The consumption of metallic building materials in construction sector is increasing. • Tourism and entertainment area appears to have the fastest increasing rate of BMS. • Cement can capture about 517 kt CO 2 eq of ECEs, as a carbon sink source. • Economy and population are the driving force for urban BMS in Macao. Enhancing the understanding on the temporal and spatial distribution of urban building material metabolism is crucial for informing urban resource, waste, and environmental management. However, this endeavor is often impeded by inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the typology and material composition data of buildings. Taking Macao as a case, this study established a 4D GIS-MFA-LCA model and compiled a local material composition database to address these gaps, for a detailed characterization of the quantity, quality, and temporal-spatial distribution of the urban building stocks and flows in Macao. The results show that between 1980 and 2020, the building materials stock (BMS) in Macao increased from 6.3 to 55.1 Mt (equaling 1.1 to 14.7 Mt CO 2 eq of embodied carbon emission), accompanied by corresponding increases of 0.03 Mt to 0.7 Mt of building waste (BW). The tourism and entertainment area exhibited the fastest increasing rate of BMS in Macao. IPAT analysis shows that the economy, population growth and demographic changes have been the driving forces for BMS in Macao. The results of this study can help cities take effective measures toward achieving a circular economy and highlight the role of such information and urban planning in urban building resource, waste, and management strategies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]