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The Industrial Revolution 1.0 to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has impacted various aspects of human life, including education and learning. One of the impacts in the world of education that is currently increasing is the trend of empowering thinking skills in students, including creative thinking skills. In biology learning, creative thinking is closely related to generating innovative ideas, formulating new solutions, and expressing oneself uniquely. When students are capable of thinking creatively, students have an excellent opportunity to solve various problems, design independent work steps, and evaluate solutions that have been implemented. One of the efforts to empower students' creative thinking is by implementing innovative learning models such as RQA (Reading, Questioning, Answering), which is carried out at a particular time. This study aims to determine how implementing the RQA empowers students' creative thinking skills. This research using a quasi-experimental method involves two research subjects: students in the control class and the experimental category at SMAN 9 Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Students' creative thinking data in the form of pre-test and post-test scores obtained from essay tests using the rubric of Assessing Creativity: A Guide for Educators by Treffinger et al. The pre-test and post-test data were then analysed through prerequisite tests and hypothesis testing. Based on the tests, it was found that the RQA learning model has the potential to significantly empower students' creative thinking skills with a 5.85% increase and a significance value of 0.00 (ηp2= 0.183). According to this potential, it can be stated that RQA is one of the learning models that can be used as an alternative to empower creative thinking skills in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical thinking skills must be part of student learning and the school must be responsible for developing and evaluating critical thinking skills through the teaching and learning process. Fostering of critical thinking skills can be done by applying appropriate learning in the classroom. One of them is learning based on constructivism. The 5E Learning Cycle can trigger students' critical thinking skills because it involves prior knowledge, non-routine situations, reasoning, cognitive strategies, and involving students in discussions to carry out exploration. This study aims to determine how The 5E Learning Cycle model can improve critical thinking. The type of research used in this research is Classroom Action Research. Research data in the form of critical thinking test results by Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. The results showed that the average value of critical thinking indicators in the first cycle was 82.806% and the second cycle was 90.016% with an increase of 7.21%. The conclusion is that The 5E Learning Cycle learning can improve students’ critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]