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This study was carried out between 2020 and 2021 on local pear genotypes grown in the Malatya region (Türkiye), especially in the yard of Apple-Pear Germplasm of Malatya Turgut Özal University. In the study, phenological, pomological, and phytochemical characteristics of nine pear genotypes were analyzed. The following dates were identified for the selected characteristics: the bud swell between March 9 and 27, the bud bursts between March 14 and April 1, the start of flowering between March 28 and April 7, full bloom between April 2 and 11, the end of flowering between April 6 and 15, harvest between August 10 and November 13, defoliation between December 3 and 17, and the number of days from full bloom to harvest ranged between 128 and 216 days. The following results were obtained: fruit weights were 46.3-202.6 g, fruit lengths were 44.8-91.2 mm, fruit diameters were 43.8-76.2 mm, fruit flesh firmness were 2.4-9.62 kg/cm2, fruit volume was 45.5-204.3 ml, and fruit color values were 21.3-77.1 as L value, -2.49-0.1 as a value, and -2.03-54 as b value. The water-soluble dry matter content of the genotypes ranged between 10.3-15.9, pH values ranged between 3.99-5.37, total phenolic content ranged between 167-992 mg GAE/1000g, and total antioxidant activities ranged from 284 to 1454 mg TEAC/1000 g. Aliseydi from the summer pear genotypes and Parlak and Armut1 genotypes from the autumn genotypes were important. It is thought that Biber, Dudunun and Efendi genotypes from winter genotypes may be important materials for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two main aims of this investigation were to predict kernel ratio (KR) and kernel weight (KW) from some walnut characteristics, respectively. For these aims, a total of 112 Walnut genotypes growing in nature were collected at Darende District of Malatya province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkiye. The walnut characteristics evaluated were nut length (NL), nut width (NW), nut height (NH), nut weight (NWe), shell thickness (ST), kernel ratio (KR) and kernel weight (KW), respectively. Independent variables were subjected to factor analysis based on principal component extraction method and VARIMAX rotation. On the basis of jointly using factor scores in multiple regression, KR (81.3% R² and 80.6% adjusted R²) and KW (94.7% R² and 94.5% adjusted R²) characteristics were predicted by using four factor scores with a big accuracy without multicollinearity problem. Consequently, the present results revealed that, walnuts of heavier KW and NWe in the prediction of KR would be expected to produce those of higher KR, and walnuts of higher values in NH, NW, NWe, ST, NL, and KR in the prediction of KW would be expected to produce those of heavier KW. The knowledge may help walnut breeders to improve new selection strategies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]