Search

The professional skills required to be a successful engineer continue to grow and expand as the engineering disciplines evolve. In the United Kingdom, the Engineering Council has released the latest version of the Accreditation of Higher Education Programmes (AHEP). AHEP4 as it has become known covers a wide range of topics central to engineering disciplines. As well as traditional core professional and subject requirements for engineering this document introduces challenges for the future such as sustainability, EDI, and cybersecurity. In addition, there is an expectation that appropriate digital skills for engineers form part of the toolkit for engineers as they move towards chartered engineering status. This paper discusses the digital skills that will enable engineers to develop their skill set as engineering professionals, enhance their employability by developing digital skills in the context of their engineering specialism and ensure that they have the digital skills to enable their activities to contribute to the betterment of society. In the paper the work done to embed digital skills in the engineering curriculum will be discussed. We will then go on to discuss the work done with engineering employers to identify the digital skills expectations for graduates entering employment and finally how the continued professional development process for digital skills can be embraced as engineers move through their careers. The session will conclude with a discussion on how colleagues from the UK and from Malaysia can work together to develop a framework to support engineers in developing their digital skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to study more about young entrepreneur participation toward halal food industry. Many studies stated that halal food industry demand is growing rapidly in both Malaysia and global. The current situation in Malaysia is precisely targeting the youth to act as organizer and participant in Malaysia halal food industry. The factors which may influence the participation of young entrepreneurs includes job happiness, intention, perception, attitude, social norms, perceived behaviour, and financial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods in Malaysia are described as flash floods and monsoon floods by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). Forecasting is a specialized form of predictive analysis used to predict future trends or behavior from existing data. Weather forecasting predicts the weather in the future from current data circumstances. As flood forecasting models become more accurate, however, their capacity to accurately predict flooding decreased as the forecast continues. Therefore, to understand the different techniques used to forecast flood levels, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. This paper's main objective is to examine the most common variable used to forecast floods, utilizing the systematic review technique. From the main focus, we can identify the research questions, such as the most commonly used prediction method and its accuracy. In the end, two of the most common variables used for flood forecasting are rainfall and water level. This study's data can help others forecast floods using standard variables that yield the best accuracy possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral biometric traits are not fully distinguished in recognition tasks, but they can improve the overall performance of biometric recognition systems by adding them. The behavioral biometric studied in this paper is related to keystroke dynamic. This paper examines the touch keystroke dynamics of computer users for the purpose of identifying their culture by using four different SVM kernels. It has been confirmed that racial classifications can be made by gathering keystroke data from 250 respondents representing various culture in Malaysia. Results show that different culture categories display different typing patterns. The classification is made using four SVM kernels and a comparison of the accuracy results is shown. The four kernels are Linear, Quadratic, Cubic and Fine Gaussian. The linear kernel has provided the highest accuracy and consistent readings compared to other kernels for the four features evaluated for dynamic keystrokes, namely press-press time, release-release time, press-release time and release-press time. The linear kernel has the highest accuracy reading of 92.4% for classification using press-press time features for the Malay vs Chinese category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast concrete is one of Industrialized Building System (IBS) types that is mainly used in Malaysia. Even though precast shows promising performance in ongoing project but in building maintenance, precast shows otherwise. This is due to the usage of the conventional method (paper-based report/unsystematic data of maintenance which is Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) and by integrating it with BIM technology will help in enhance maintenance. BIM shows its benefits through maintenance by showing its coordination in design and three-dimensional visualization. This paper help into identifying the requirement of integrating CMMS and BIM technology in precast building maintenance. An interview was conducted to gain the objective of the study. Results showed that there are two requirements to support CMMS and BIM integration in maintenance management which is a complete and organize data and a compilation of a standard requirement that stated by the department (e.g., Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Syarikat Air Selangor and JKR). This resulted in the creation of a crucial aspect of the maintenance management system that uses emerging technology to aid engineers at precast building in improving their present maintenance management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial intention, as the preliminary idea of pursuing new ventures. Entrepreneurship is an important component to enhance the country's economic growth and sustainability as well as to meet the challenges of globalisation, such as increasing the unemployment rate among students. The objectives of this paper are to determine the relationship between personality, government support and entrepreneurship education with entrepreneurial intention among business students from selected public university in Malaysia and to measure the predictor of entrepreneurial intention. This study is quantitative in the form and questionnaires distributed to collect information from respondents based on the size of 100 samples and use convenience sampling method. The data obtained through questionnaires is analyzed and evaluated by correlation and regression testing. The results showed that all moderate linkages with entrepreneurial intentions. Government support also show the the most impact on the entrepreneurial intention. This paper provides a comprehensive framework that contributes to conceptualization and assists the Government and academic in enhancing skills and courses to increase the desire of business students to become future successful entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promotional activities are among the most significant aspects in ensuring continual visits and engagements from visitors to heritage sites and institutions, including museums. An ineffective marketing technique will make it challenging to attract visitors and communities. This leads to the decrease number of visitors, undermining the fundamental mission of museums as an informal educational establishment for the public. However, few studies have been done on a promotional strategy for museum management in Malaysia. This paper seeks to bridge the gap by exploring the current museum's marketing technique, using the Kelantan State Museum as a case study. It aims to look further into the museum's promotional strategy, the involvement of responsible bodies, and the challenges in promoting the museum, specifically during the covid-19 pandemic. The research employed a qualitative design with purposeful approaches and snowballing techniques by interviewing the personnel at the Kelantan State Museum. The collected data were then analysed by applying Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis methodology. The results identified three main themes: marketing strategies and activities, collaboration between stakeholders and challenges going forward. The overarching findings highlighted major stakeholders and their degree of participation in museum promotion. This paper also discussed the challenges posed by the museum management in promoting their establishment to the public. This include issues such as visitor expectations, funding cuts and digital adaptation; and the cessation of many museum hubs for physical visitations due to the Covid-19, leading to new rules being presented to adapt to the recent changes in ensuring visitors' safety. It is believed that the new norm has impacted the museum management's efforts to promote their institution, necessitating the development of new strategies to increase public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the country is not only focusing on the role of government alone. The private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) also play important role in ensuring that the public will get the benefits of sustainable development. The NGOs play a major role at grassroot level since they are close to community for implementing the programmes that will benefit to the community as a whole. They do have expertise and skills to deliver the services to the communities. Understanding the important role of the NGOS, this paper will explore their roles and contributions towards the community development in Malaysia. The research focused on members of NGO in Malaysia. The questions asked about their roles and contributions towards communities. The descriptive analysis will be discussed throughout the paper. This paper also will highlight the future relationship that should be focused by the NGOs and other stakeholders like government and corporate organisations towards creating sustainable development for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2021 or COVID-19 has affected almost all individuals around the globe. Consequently, Malaysia is one of the nations that has been facing tremendous changes in various sectors due to COVID-19. As the number of positive cases is on the rise, the Malaysian government has executed its National COVID-19 Immunization Program to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and the severity of disease in case a vaccinated person is infected. However, there are also individuals who have contributed to vaccine refusal due to many factors including misinformation about vaccines, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge, and awareness. Therefore, this paper presents a combination of instructional design and cognitive load theory named CoLoMo model, to increase the awareness of COVID-19 among parents. The CoLoMo model is a theory for mobile application development involving three elements in mobile instruction design which include platform, design, accessibility, and design page. These elements have been chosen prior to the target users which are parents or adults. The three cognitive load theory types in this model are intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The combination of the mobile interaction design and cognitive load theory types will affect the user's cognitive performance which are concentration, learning capabilities and attributes. This paper also discusses the previous research on the implementation of cognitive load theory through mobile applications. Several strategies that emphasize different relevant cognitive processes which are useful to consider when developing mobile applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the laboratory result on compaction characteristic for soft soil subgrade which was stabilized by using waste paper sludge ash (WPSA). The soft soil sample was collected from Banting Selangor, Malaysia named as Banting soft soil and classified as slightly sandy Clay with intermediate plasticity. Additive of WPSA is a finely waste product produced from the incinerated waste paper. In ASTM C618, this WPSA samples are categorized as Type-C fly ash due to the high free lime (CaO) content (>20%) and possesses some cementitious and pozzolanic, resulting in the self-cementing characteristics. Therefore no entire activators such as lime are required. Objectives of this study are to determine the dry density and moisture content of Banting soft soil stabilized by WPSA through the different energy and method of compaction and to determine the Atterberg limit properties of Banting soft soil stabilized using WPSA. Several percentage of WPSA (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) was used to stabilize the soft soil. Meanwhile the compactions methods are used in this study are standard proctor test and modified proctor test. The Atterberg limit properties testing involved the liquid limit testing, and plastic limit testing. The result showed the plasticity indexes of soft soil stabilized with series percentage (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) of WPSA were reduced parallel to the increment of liquid limit and plastic limit result. Meanwhile, the compaction result for stabilized soft soil showed an increment dry density value followed by decrement of moisture content for modified compaction and standard compaction. However, 4% WPSA were giving the best of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density stabilized soft soil from modified compaction. From this experimental study, it shows that WPSA has a significant and effective to improve the geotechnical properties of soft soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is facing serious challenges in dealing enormous quantities of waste paper sludge produced in the country every year. This enormous quantity causing major economic problems and environmental problems over the paper and board industry. In order to confront with the economic problems associated with waste disposal costs, which make up almost half of the cost of wastewater treatment, there is a need to provide a viable solution to the reuse of waste and by reducing the use of natural resources. Hence, a comparative analysis of the experimental results novel properties of fresh and hardened concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with different substitution of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) as a partial substitute for cement is presented in the paper. Recycled aggregates is made by crushing the waste concrete cube laboratory tests. Recycled aggregate is made by crushing the concrete waste at laboratory. Utilize of WPSA and RCA is estimated to produce significant gains in strength performance (determine the strength characteristics of concrete structures) and properties of workability and water absorption for each series of mixed. Therefore, the application of those testing method were measured the quality of concrete, so that they can perform satisfactorily as structural element. The findings demonstrated that the WPSA and RCA seems to contribute to the favourable concrete compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine-based bleaching agent can brighten the pulp effectively, but it harms the environment, especially water pollution. Thus, hydrogen peroxide, a total chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching agent is applied in this research to bleach pulp derived from Sesbania grandiflora. Sesbania grandiflora is being chosen as raw material due to its ideal characteristics as pulp source and native in Malaysia. This research aims to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxide on Sesbania grandiflora pulp and evaluate the paper properties made from Sesbania grandiflora pulp. The research was carried under different bleaching durations, 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes under a constant temperature of 50°C and 3% concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The physical, optical and mechanical properties of Sesbania handsheet were measured according to the standard TAPPI. The overall result presented a significant effect on kappa number and handsheet brightness but little on mechanical properties. The longer bleaching duration gave the least kappa number of the Sesbania pulp, thus, improving the brightness of the Sesbania handsheet. However, it did not affect the strength properties of the handsheet. In this research, 60 minutes of bleaching duration on Sesbania grandiflora pulp exhibits the optimal bleaching performance without compromising paper mechanical properties significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period of substantial economic ambiguity such as recession and economic crisis had urged us to boost the savings rate as people forgo their current consumption expenditure to compensate for an unpredictable financial future. The exigency of saving amid new normal endemic is vital for economic growth and recovery. Hence, this paper is aimed to analyze some macroeconomic factors such as interest rate, inflation rate, household income, government consumption expenditure, and the household final consumption expenditure that can influence the household savings in Malaysia by using the ordinary least square method (OLS). This paper utilizes the secondary data sources from the World Bank Data and Department of Statistics Malaysia over the period from 1999 to 2019. The findings manifest that a new predictor variable which is the government consumption expenditure, as well as the household final consumption expenditure had a negative significant effect on household savings whereas household income and interest rate are known as less significant factors. Nonetheless, inflation rate is found insignificant towards the household savings in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper implies the exploration of factors affecting household savings could be useful to policymakers, investors, and financial advisors to help sustaining the macroeconomic wellbeing and hence raise the standard of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia is one of the highest among the Asian countries and it is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease which is the main cause of death in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and mortality rate and find its association with sociodemographic factors such as education and household income. This time-series study used secondary data from World Bank data and Household Income Survey (HIS), and it used annual data from 1990 to 2019. ADF test is used to test the stationarity. Simple linear and multiple linear regression were used in this paper to study the relationship between mortality with obesity, education, and household income. Multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity and R-squared were used to define the best regression model in this study. This study found that mortality was positively associated with obesity. Besides, the findings also shows that there was an inverse relationship between obesity and education, meanwhile positive relationship appears between obesity and household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia has targeted to achieve 40% of renewable energy (RE) by 2035. It is evident that solar energy shall contribute the largest portion of the target due to the abundant resources of solar in Malaysia. Nevertheless, Malaysia should not limit its' RE resources to only solar energy. This includes RE in the likes of wind energy. Although generally Malaysia has comparatively low annual average wind speed, numerous studies have shown that there are several areas with relatively higher annual average wind speed. These areas may potentially be considered for wind energy development. Several methodologies have been utilized by researchers to identify such areas. Several researchers opted to develop wind maps to identify the potential area in Malaysia for wind energy development. Interpolation methods such as Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Kriging are commonly utilised in wind mapping studies as these methods are effective to estimate the wind speed at unmeasured area. This paper reviews the comparison between the wind speed interpolation methods which are IDW and Kriging for wind energy applications in Malaysia. Among the interpolation parameters compared include input, results and validation. The way forward proposed by this paper will aid as a reference for future advances in wind mapping in Malaysia and its surrounding region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift from paper-based to web-based practice is a significant trend, as paper-based practice consumes time, is prone to error, and is more prone to data loss, all of which lead to inefficiency. Smart farming or agriculture 4.0 defined the new era of agriculture that moving toward digitalization. However, the absence of a centralized information system, which results in information asymmetry among agricultural sectors. One of the keys to success is reaching out to farmers with pertinent agricultural information at the appropriate time and platform. The purpose of this study is to design and create a dynamic web-based knowledge management system for the dissemination of agricultural knowledge in Malaysia. A centralized information system capable of achieving information symmetry, in which all important information is accessible to all participants. Creating an advanced learning environment allowing for virtual engagement between external and internal stakeholders via a web-based knowledge management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States and China are strong trading partners of Malaysia, with about 23% of total exports in 2017. Therefore, the trade war pressures since 2018 between the United States and China have affected the Malaysian economy. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the effects of the war on the Malaysian stock market using a threshold network approach. Then, the networks examine the changes of important stocks before, during and after the trade war in which the periods are taken from 16th March 2017 until 31st May 2021. The important stocks are determined by four standard centrality approaches, namely degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. This paper uses 240 companies of the FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Index to create the Malaysian stock market networks. The results show that Dagang Nexchange Berhad and Jaya Tiasa Holdings Berhad have higher connectivity with other stocks during the turmoil period and after the turmoil period respectively. Besides, Dagang Nexchange Berhad acts as the most important stock according to all centrality measures. The findings of this study give an insight to the government regulators and investors with information regarding the current topological structure of Malaysia's stock market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals must begin saving money early to meet their future personal and household needs. It is important to focus on savings as soon as possible to achieve a healthy and stable economy after retirement. Retirement expectations can be unrealistic since many believe retirement is still a long way off. Insufficient money made it difficult for people, particularly B40 groups in Malaysia, to continue their monthly savings due to a restricted budget in the face of rising living costs. The majority of the B40 group in Malaysia are struggling with the issue of not having enough money to support the desired lifestyle after retirement, and this issue has deteriorated over time. This concept paper proposes financial literacy, future expectations, self-awareness, social influence, and financial management as predictive factors for the B40 group to plan for their retirement savings, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and supported by prior studies. Due to this interest, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for the factors affecting the retirement decisions of B40 groups in Malaysia. The suggested framework could benefit all, especially B40 groups, in term of how they prepare themselves for retirement life. Related organizations can use the proposed model to encourage early retirement savings among Malaysians, especially the B40 group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term damage to the country's progress may result from tax evasion. An increasing number of businesses in Malaysia are not paying their fair share of taxes, and this is especially true for Goods and Services Tax (GST), according to the latest annual statistics. Even with the new Sales and Services Tax 2.0 (SST 2.0), businesses are likely still seeking to avoid paying tax, as seen by the past experiences of the GST. Many in Malaysia's business community, especially those in charge of smaller companies, are worried about how SST 2.0 would damage their bottom lines. SMEs also have been reported as having more opportunities for tax non-compliance than individuals. There are many factors that contributed to non-compliance issues among SMEs such as sector, size, and ownership. Thus, this paper is intended to study the differences between those factors towards SST 2.0 non-compliance. This study is conducted via a personally administered survey questionnaire to SME owner-managers in the northern peninsular of Malaysia, covering the state of Kedah, Perlis, Penang, and Perak. The list of SMEs obtained from the Department of Statistics, Malaysia indicated a total of 198,645 SME establishments in the northern 4 states, and the final random samples of 390 SMEs were chosen. This study built upon prior studies and the experiences of GST during the year 2015 to 2018, adjusted to suit the newly reintroduced SST environment, and thus add a contribution to indirect taxation literature and practices in Malaysia. The result of analysis via t-test and ANOVA revealed that there are significant differences between sector, size, ownership of the SMEs, and the probable area of difficulties. The probable of difficulties is indeed divided into technical and procedural requirements as well as system and documentation requirements in specific. This research indirectly enhances and improves the body of knowledge on the acceptance of SMEs in SST 2.0 compliance as well as on the theory as a whole. However, there are still rooms for improvement and a gap to be covered that could be taken care of in future research perhaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global average life expectancy has increased astonishingly. However, problems such as household income inequality, high unemployment and the continuous impact of economic growth have prevented Malaysia's life expectancy from increasing. This paper studies the effect of macroeconomic variables on life expectancy in Malaysia from 1991–2019. The data was collected from the World Bank and the Department of Statistics Malaysia. For this purpose, the analysis of the study is to use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results show that household income variables and economic growth variables have a positive and significant effect on life expectancy in the long run, while only the economic growth variables have a significant effect on life expectancy in the short run. Therefore, the country needs to allocate greater expenditure on economic development because it can increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and reduce the inflation rate. Besides, people can have extra money to get better health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in Malaysia, with more than 400 palm oil mills nationwide. These mills are generally self-sustained in energy by converting empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) and palm kernel shell (PKS), into energy. However, palm fuel burned in boilers have caused severe air pollution problems due to improper boiler operation and inefficient air pollution control systems. This results in emission of bottom ash particulates from multicyclone and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hopper after combustion. This paper discusses the characteristics of palm fuel, namely PMF, PKS and EFB, based on proximate analysis, gross calorific value, ultimate analysis and element composition. Morphology of bottom ash emitted from multicyclone and ESP was also examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). EFB was found to have the ' highest moisture content of 63.1% among others, while mixture of PMF and PKS had the highest volatile matter of 54.5% and fixed carbon of 18.5%. PMF has the highest calorific value of 2993 kcals/kg among others. The bottom ash from multicyclone and ESP exhibited particulate sizes ranging from 18.4 to 68 µm and 10.9 to 44.6 µm, respectively. These were considered as preliminary results which require further future research. The outcomes of this study are useful for mitigation of fine particulate emission from air pollution control system in the palm oil mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional (1-D) seismic site response analysis were conducted using the nonlinear (NL) methods to assess the peak surface acceleration (PSA) and soil amplification. 10 profiles were selected from Peninsular Malaysia site. Three earthquake time history such as Loma Prieta, Acheh and Ranau were scaled to 0.03g, 0.07g and 0.10g and applied to all sites. The results showed that the calculated PSA and soil amplification factor are higher at soil types C compared to soil types D. Moreover, the NL results showed that deamplification did occur in the soft soils of Peninsular Malaysia. The paper contributes to the seismic site-response studies for soil amplification in Peninsular Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast concrete is one of the most common forms of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. Although it performs well in ongoing projects, it performs poorly in building upkeep. This is due to the use of the conventional approach of maintenance, Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), which will be enhanced by merging it with BIM technology. BIM demonstrates its value in maintenance by demonstrating design coordination and three-dimensional modelling. This paper help into identifying the factor lacking awareness of CMMS and BIM integration for precast building maintenance. An interview was conducted to gain the objective of the study. Results showed that one out of 6 interviewee is aware of the CMMS and BIM integration for building maintenance. It shows that there is a lacking awareness of the integration of this technology for building maintenance. The factors of this lacking awareness are due to lack of professional interactive, lack of research on BIM implementation and training expenses and the learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is strategically located at the crossroad between East and West. Due to this ideally location, this country has been exposed to many foreign influences and cultures. The Portuguese was the first colonial power that set up their establishment in the Peninsular Malaysia. This was then followed by The Dutch and later on by The British. Among these three colonial powers, it was the British that ultimately secured their sovereignty on this land. Under British administration, Malaysia has adopted their architectural styles with strong local identities that fit with the climate of the country. These influences can be observed in many heritage hotel buildings across Malaysia especially Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Perak and Melaka. This paper will be focused on the heritage in colonial building, interior design of the landmarks and how this aspect provide profound heritage exemplar for Malaysia rich and long history. The purpose of this study is to identify the evolutionary features of the interior design and the sustainability of the original characteristics. The research will be carried on by studying the heritage colonial building include interior architecture requirement. Ultimately, recommendations and guidelines in designing interior architecture at colonial building areas with strong heritage inspiration can be published. In conclusion, this study is to discuss the condition or criteria of the interior architecture in heritage building for future references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dialect exists due to the boundaries of geographical area where the speaker lives. Through this boundary there are various local dialects such as Kedah, Terengganu, Kelantan and so on. Similarly, it is also apparent with the sub-dialects in respective states. In fact, researches concerning dialects in general have been variously conducted. This is also concerning researches in Kedah dialect in particular because Malaysia is rich with local dialects and that researches about dialects have never stopped until now. Therefore, this paper is written with a purpose to conceptualise the vocabulary of adjectives in Kedah dialect (KD) based on the speakers' understanding and knowledge about the dialect. This study is applying the urban dialectology approach pioneered Labov, Trudgill and Idris [11, 9, 21] with some modifications. There are six adjectives that have been chosen using interview technique and word list style conducted at some districts in Kedah. The findings of the study showed that the speakers conceptualised the vocabulary based on their own understanding and knowledge. Nonetheless, most Gen Z speakers have never heard of the vocabulary. Hence, it is hoped that this study will contribute to the sociolinguistics development in Malaysia, and to retain the legacy of Malay dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a real-world school timetabling problem (STP) at a school in Malaysia. The previous studies of solving real-world datasets of STP were focused more on the approaches, rather than the details on generating the real-world of STP datasets. This study aims to provide details on producing the real-world datasets of STP based on the XHSTT dataset format. The real-world case problem has the same constraints as depicted in XHSTT dataset and are categorized into three difficulty levels which are easy, normal and hard based on the difficulty level of preassigned teachers. The STP timetable in this study was obtained from a primary school located in the north of Kedah, Malaysia. Next, the XHSTT dataset was solved using the KHE construction method to produce the solution. The proposed solutions adheres to all the hard and soft constraints set for the datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current pandemic situations have worsened the economic situations in most developing countries. Malaysia is one of a developing country that has been impacted by covid-19 badly. In Malaysia, cases of Covid-19 is arising everyday especially in the year of 2021. Many have losses their job and income, and they were out of resources to support their families, and providing food for families becomes a challenge. Due to that, students who have been sent to home from university have to face this as well. Therefore, this paper intends to highlight food security and its impact towards academic performance by providing framework and determines the research trends of the area of food security and academic performance. A conceptual framework here explained the progress and event that may happen in future if unbalance diet were practiced by the community. Next, this research adopts a method of web-based data search for studies related to food security and academic performance. Result shows that the trend of this research is keep increasing according to the year. Current research concludes that food security is important for nation wellbeing and sustainable development of a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to develop a sampling frame and develop a probability-based sampling design for Muslim consumers who have experience in purchasing halal cosmetic products from various website in Malaysia. A 'sampling frame' is the sampling units in a population and their locations. It may consist of a listing of sampling units, or it may be based on a map of the population area within which sampling units can be observed. For Muslim consumers with experience in purchasing halal cosmetics from websites, it is common for no list of individual to exist. After the sampling frame of Muslim consumers was established, the probability sampling technique was used to determine the sampling size. The results are beneficial for researchers to serve as a guideline to conduct quantitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the development of Industry 4.0 which takes place in almost every country in world. Malaysia also not left behind in adapting this transformation which initially has been outlined in Industry 4.0 Blueprint in the year of 2018. Then continued to that, Construction 4.0 eventually introduces in 2021 where it become as strategic plan for construction industry to gear up for 4th Industrial Revolution. As a part of construction professional in construction industry, Quantity Surveyors (QS) also being affected with this transformation and changes is needed in their roles and practices. The focus of this paper is to identify the emerging technologies in Construction 4.0 which have been currently adapted in Quantity Surveying practices. The data were collected using quantitative method via questionnaires survey among Quantity Surveyors in Malaysia. Based on the data obtained, emerging technologies in Construction 4.0 have been divided into 3 technology cluster. Ideally, Cluster 1 (Simulation and Modelling) and Cluster 2 (Digitalization and Virtualization) are slowly being adapted in Quantity Surveying practices meanwhile Cluster 3 (Smart Factory) are less being demanded and adapted in QS profession. Due to that, the result proven that Quantity Surveyors are currently taking their steps and grows towards adapting Industry 4.0 waves in their profession. This research is significant in providing an insight for other professionals in construction industry towards managing transformation of Construction 4.0 as well as Industry 4.0 in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry forms the backbone of the Malaysian agricultural economy and is indexed as one of the National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs). Despite the rapid demand for palm oil, the labor shortage caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has reduced harvest activity since the dependability on human labor is still high. Based on this scenario, the way forward to resolve the issue is through the implementation of mechanized equipment to assist plantation activities. However, the output rate based on the implementation of mechanized equipment in the Malaysian palm oil industry is still unclear. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a simulation model that mimics the operation of the mechanized equipment in the palm oil mill using a discrete event simulation (DES) approach. The related mechanized equipment has been considered in the simulation model to resemble the palm oil mill operation, namely clarification, extraction, sterilization, and stripping stations. As a result, it is found that the sterilization process contributes to the longest waiting time (122.89 seconds) and the highest number of waiting (3.04 tons). In contrast, stripping stations turn the lowest percentage of resource utilization. By improving the utilization of identified mechanized equipment, the dependability on human labor can be reduced gradually. Consequently, it will increase the harvest output known as Fresh Fruit Branches (FFB) yield and crude palm oil (CPO) production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety procedures at highways are essential to ensure safe, clean and accessible roads and highways. The workers were often exposed to hazardous situations, as seen by numerous accidents involving highway workers on the road in recent years. Safety technologies in the highway construction work zone may help improve the roadway construction and maintenance workers' safety. This paper reviews the statistics of road accidents in Malaysia, highway work zone safety problems and existing applications of safety sensor systems as an improvement of safety technology in the construction work zones. As an improvement towards the safety technology, Signal Warning Detector (SWAD) system was developed to increase the safety at highway work zone especially on PLUS highways in Malaysia. The development of the SWAD system's parameter setting was discussed later in the methodology section of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]