1. Multi-component Filters for Domestic Graywater Treatment in Village Houses.
- Author
-
Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin, Al‐Gheethi, A.A., Miau, Jackson Anak, and Kassim, Amir Hashim Mohd.
- Subjects
GRAYWATER (Domestic wastewater) ,WASTEWATER treatment ,WATER waste ,WATER filtration ,BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand ,WATER purification ,WATER supply - Abstract
The majority of village houses in Malaysia generate graywater-- from kitchens, bathrooms, sinks, and laundry--that is discharged directly into rivers or main drains without any treatment. These practices have a critical impact on humans and the environment. Therefore, this pilot-scale study aimed to design a natural filtration system that consists of clamshells, steel slag, limestone, and sand media for treatment of graywater. The filtration system was designed with 24 L of capacity and fixed at the discharge point of graywater in village houses. The filtration system exhibited high efficiency for treatment of household graywater, with 87.7% of removal for biochemical oxygen demand, 74.0% for chemical oxygen demand, 96.2% for total suspended solids, and 98% for turbidity with a pH of 7.87. The filtrated graywater met the limits required by Malaysia's 1974 Environmental Quality Act, 2009 regulations, Standard A, for disposal upstream of drains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF