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The aim of this research article is to explore the impacts of leadership qualities on the student's performances in educational institutions in Malaysia. Success or failure of any organization highly depends on the leadership's impacts on employees to be more productivity. In academic sense, productivity means students better performances and scoring higher marks. This study envisages the need of an efficient leader in the academic institutions to bring the desired academic performances. Training, guidances, working ambiances, equipments, leadership styles plays a vital role in delivering academic performances in Malaysia. The leader has to motivate his or her subordinates and enhance the learning capacity of the students. Regular tests, appraisals, quiz and competitions, effective communications skills, presentation skills are to be conducted to improve their learnings. Updating curriculum, improving teaching pedagogy, crating trust and increasing confidence level are few strategies to be executed by the leader to improve the educational delivery. Due to the present pandemic Covid-19, impacts, students are not allowed to attend the classes and online classes alone are conducted. The leader has to arrange the online contents, equipments, wifi, internet, projectors and necessary audio equipments to deliver the subject contents. The leader has to get support of the parents too. There should not be any discrimination to students with regards to race, caste, language, religion. A successful leader should delegate powers and responsibilities, recognizes the individual skills and performances, motivate the subordinates, for accomplishing the institutional goals and objectives. Several leadership theories were explained. Various leadership styles are also mentioned. Considering the aspect of education system in Malaysia, the transformational leadership style was appropriate. The literature review also affirms with this aspect. The values of educational leadership and standards of educational programs are discussed briefly. The research objectives and questions were provided. The challenges, limitations, constraints, and recommendations were also provided in brief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal bat-borne zoonotic virus that causes mild to acute respiratory distress and neurological manifestations in humans with a high mortality rate. NiV transmission to humans occurs via consumption of bat-contaminated fruit and date palm sap (DPS), or through direct contact with infected individuals and livestock. Since NiV outbreaks were first reported in pigs from Malaysia and Singapore, non-neutralizing antibodies against NiV attachment Glycoprotein (G) have also been detected in a few domestic mammals. NiV infection is initiated after NiV G binds to the host cell receptors Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3. In this study, we assessed the degree of NiV host tropism in domestic and peridomestic mammals commonly found in Bangladesh that may be crucial in the transmission of NiV by serving as intermediate hosts. We carried out a protein-protein docking analysis of NiV G complexes (n = 52) with Ephrin-B2 and B3 of 13 domestic and peridomestic species using bioinformatics tools. Protein models were generated by homology modelling and the structures were validated for model quality. The different protein-protein complexes in this study were stable, and their binding affinity (ΔG) scores ranged between −8.0 to −19.1 kcal/mol. NiV Bangladesh (NiV-B) strain displayed stronger binding to Ephrin receptors, especially with Ephrin-B3 than the NiV Malaysia (NiV-M) strain, correlating with the observed higher pathogenicity of NiV-B strains. From the docking result, we found that Ephrin receptors of domestic rat (R. norvegicus) had a higher binding affinity for NiV G, suggesting greater susceptibility to NiV infections compared to other study species. Investigations for NiV exposure to domestic/peridomestic animals will help us knowing more the possible role of rats and other animals as intermediate hosts of NiV and would improve future NiV outbreak control and prevention in humans and domestic animals. [Display omitted] • Molecular evidence of stable protein-protein interaction between NiV G and Ephrin-B2/B3 of common Bangladeshi mammals. • NiV-B bindsmore strongly to Ephrin-B2/B3 in domestic and peridomestic mammals than NiV-M, confirming higher pathogenicity. • In silico analyses show rats are more susceptibility to NiV infections than known hosts and reservoirs of NiV. • Rattus norvegicus was identified as a species of concern, requiring special research attention to predict future outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]