Search

The evaluation of morphometric analysis was conducted in upstream Sungai Batu catchment with the total area 24.40 km2. The GIS application used as a tool to generate drainage network from ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (30m) and obtains reliable information of linear, areal and relief morphometric parameters towards the hydrological responses. Results show that the study area is 4th order catchment having 99 total streams, indicate the lower stream order. The study area is having elongated shape with high permeability surface, high infiltration rates and moderate surface runoff. The moderate runoff condition is highly associated with lower erosion and sediment transport capacities and tend to form a floods diminution due to the flow from tributaries into the main stream which require greatest basin lag time to peak discharge. The GIS application in morphometric study is very efficient tool for better understanding in terms of the several morphometric parameters and terrain parameters such a surface runoff, capacity of infiltration and lithology which are valuable and act as a guidance for decision makers to make sustainable development in watershed planning, management and mitigation measure control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of organic fraction in municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is now becoming scarce globally due to population and economic boosts, especially in Malaysia. Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills remain the predominant end-state for waste disposal in most developing countries. Unsustainable MSW management accelerates environmental degradation through landfill gaseous (LFG) emissions of mainly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which promote global warming that finally is affecting human health. Recently, harnessing CH4 from anaerobic digestion of solid waste has attracted more interest and promised betterment in MSW management. With its current amount of more than 50%, organic material in landfills is estimated to emit 310,225 CH4/year with carbon credit of US$ 85.93, which can potentially generate 2.20x109 kWh of electricity valued at US$ 220 million. This present work is a review manuscript that discusses the state-of-the-art anaerobic digestion of OFMSW as treatment in term of waste diversion from a landfill. The study also estimates the renewable energy potentials from OFMSW waste diversion. Finally, this paper discusses the benefits of harnessing biogas from the perspectives of environmental benefits, energy recovery, and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is an obvious by-product that comes from human activities. Urbanization, economic development, and improving living standards in cities all have an impact on the increase of the quantity and difficul- ty of generated waste. Fast population growth and industrialization degrades the urban environment and places serious stress on natural resources. Inefficient management and disposal of solid waste is a noticeable cause of degradation of the environment in most cities of the developing world. MSW generation depends on township size and level of economic standards. Thus, it was proven by the MSW generated in the selected area of Kluang (a small town in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia) amounted to as little as 45 tons and as much as 3,000 tons in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia's capital). More analysis reported that the largest sources of MSW generation come from household waste, followed by industrial and commercial wastes. In Selangor State, the highest percentage of MSW consisted of putrescible waste of approximately 46%, followed by plastic and paper at 15% and 14%, respectively. This paper focuses on the trend and management of household solid waste composition generated in Balakong City, Malaysia. A survey for household residents in eight housing areas was carried out for one month and data were collected on a daily basis. The composition of solid waste collected was segregated into different components (organic waste, plastic, paper, glass, metal, and other). For overall household solid waste composition generated in the Balakong area, organic waste recorded the highest percentage at 555.5%. Then, followed by plastic waste 82.2%, paper 74.4%, other waste 42.9%, glass 25.8%, the lowest waste generated was metal at 18.9%. There is a relation between the economic position of a country and per capita waste generation rate. While the standard of living rises, waste generation rates also are increasing. The world trend of solid waste generation nowadays (including Malaysia) is mostly dependent on the changing consumption pattern, and also related to climate and seasonal differences. Thus, the management and planning of solid waste generated must be enhanced to improve sustainable solid waste management in Malaysia. Besides, public awareness, funding, expertise, equipment, and facilities that are currently lacking must be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Rapid economic development and population growth, inadequate infrastructure and expertise, and land scarcity make the management of municipal solid waste become one of Malaysia’s most critical environmental issues. The study is aimed at evaluating the generation, characteristics, and management of solid waste in Malaysia based on published information. In general, the per capita generation rate is about 0.5–0.8kg/person/day in which domestic waste is the primary source. Currently, solid waste is managed by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, with the participation of the private sector. A new institutional and legislation framework has been structured with the objectives to establish a holistic, integrated, and cost-effective solid waste management system, with an emphasis on environmental protection and public health. Therefore, the hierarchy of solid waste management has given the highest priority to source reduction through 3R, intermediate treatment and final disposal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Malaysia is faced with daunting challenges related to solid waste management. Due to an increase in population, economic growth, inadequate enforcement of waste legislation, infrastructure, and public attitude among others, solid waste management is considered a crucial issue in Malaysia, particularly in urban settings. This paper gives an overview of solid waste management in Malaysian with the aim of presenting the state of waste generation, composition, management practices, and problems with regards to environmental, economic, and other ramifications from previous records. In general, the total waste generated in Malaysia is estimated to be 7 million tons in 2000, with an annual increase of 3%. This is due to many factors such as urban migration, affluence, and rapid development. This circumstance requires greater focus to be in placed on managing solid waste and mitigating the negative public and environmental effects. Presently, management of solid waste is carried out by the Ministry of Housing and local government, with the support of the private sector. This new holistic approach initiated addressing the solid waste issue, taking into account public health and environmental concerns with an emphasis on reduction, reuse, and recycling before reaching final stage -- disposal at landfill, and this to certain extent has a greater potential in addressing SWM problems in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]