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Objective: To determine epidemiological trends of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) in a Canadian province, estimate the national incidence, and compare with internationally published data., Design: Retrospective review., Setting: All hospitals that performed ACL reconstructions in Manitoba between 1980 and 2015., Participant: All patients that underwent ACL-R in Manitoba between 1980 and 2015., Intervention: This is a retrospective review looking at deidentified, individual-level administrative records of health services used for the entire population of Manitoba (approximately 1.3 million). Codes for ACL and cruciate ligament reconstruction were searched from 1980 to 2015. Patient demographics included age, sex, geographic area of residence, and neighborhood income quintile., Main Outcome Measures: Trends of ACL reconstructions from 1980 to 2015., Results: A total of 10 114 ACL-R were performed during the 36-year study period and patients were predominantly male (63.1%). The mean age at ACL-R was 29.5 years (SD 10.0) for males and 28.5 years (SD 11.9) for females, whereas age younger than 40 years accounted for 81.7% of all ACL-R. The incidence of ACL-R increased from 7.56/100 000 inhabitants in 1980 to 48.45/100 000 in 2015. The proportion of females undergoing ACL-R has increased from 29.3% in 1980% to 41.9% in 2015, and female patients now comprise the majority of ACL-R in the under-20 age category., Conclusion: The incidence of ACL-R has significantly increased since 1980; female patients now make up a greater proportion than males of the ACL-R population younger than 20 years. This information can be used to guide resource allocation planning and focus injury prevention initiatives.

Background: Postgraduate medical residency programs are laborious and timeintensive, and can be physically, intellectually and emotionally demanding. These working conditions may lead to the neglect of personal health and well-being. The objective of this study was to compare the anthropometric and fitness characteristics of surgical and nonsurgical medical residents. We hypothesized that there is a difference in physical health between these 2 groups., Methods: Medical residents completed a demographic information questionnaire and were assessed by trained staff for height, weight, body fat percentage, muscular strength and endurance, and peak oxygen consumption (V̇ᴏ 2peak ). The average number of working hours per week was also documented., Results: Forty-five residents (21 surgical and 24 nonsurgical; 31 men and 14 women) participated in the study. Surgical residents worked more hours per week on average than nonsurgical residents ( p = 0.02) and had a higher body mass index (BMI) ( p = 0.04) and lower V̇ᴏ 2peak ( p = 0.01)., Conclusion: Surgical residents worked more hours than nonsurgical residents, which may have contributed to their higher BMI and lower aerobic fitness levels. Despite a heavy workload, it is important for all medical residents to find strategies to promote a healthy lifestyle for both themselves and their patients to ensure long-term well-being., Competing Interests: None declared.