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Background: Thrombophilic predisposition may be one of the underlying causes of recurrent miscariage (RM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Prothrombin G20210A mutation in cases with history of RM., Material and Methods: A total of 104 cases, 55 with diagnosis of RM and 49 control cases, were included in this controlled study. In all cases, in addition to full examination tests, Prothrombin 20210A mutation analysis was carried out by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)., Results: Mean number of the abortion was 3.51 +/- 0.74 in the RM group and 0.08 +/- 0.27 in the control group (p < 0.05). As a consequence of comprehensive examinations, in 24 (43.6%) of 55 RM cases at least one etiologic factor was put forth. Prothrombin G20210A mutation was observed in six (10.9%) cases of the RM group and one (2.04%) in the control group (p < 0.05). Four of the six cases (66.7%) of Prothrombin G20210A mutation had a subsequent pregnancy. Among these four pregnancies, there was one spontaneous loss at 14 weeks of gestation and one severe pre-eclampsia., Conclusion: Our data together with literature suggest that Prothrombin G20210A mutation may be associated with RM. We recommend this genetic testing as a screening tool for women with history of RM.