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The present study was conducted with an aim to find out the efficacy of bacterial endophytes against major seedborne pathogens of rice grains. Twenty three seedborne pathogens were isolated by Agar plate method from 26 rice varieties collected from Assam and Meghalaya. Among 23 seed borne pathogens, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus cumulatus, Phoma sorghina, Aspergillus glaucus Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Bipolaris oryzae were predominant and frequently isolated. Out of 23 endophytes (15 Bacillus spp. and 8 Pseudomonas spp.) isolated from rice leaves, five Bacillus spp. were more effective against growth of fungal pathogens, whereas four Bacillus spp. showed effectiveness against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted during 2012-13 to identify the role of different socio-economic variables on yield, income, technological gap and training need confronting the productivity of pineapple in the state of Meghalaya. Study revealed that the variable economic motivation (0.130) have recorded a positive and significant correlation with the variable income, of the respondents. The correlation coefficient between yield (Y2) and all independent variables revealed that education of farmers (0.125), Market orientation (0.095) and cultivation efficiency (0.130) have recorded significant and positive correlation with the yield of the respondents. It is also recorded that variables Family type (-0.105), Management orientation (-0.167) and utilization of mass media (-0.137) are significant but negatively correlated with the yield of pineapple. In the path analysis, it has been found that the variable utilization of mass media has routed highest indirect effect on income as many as 16 exogenous variables. Similarly, it has also identified that both the variables management orientation and education of farmers have routed highest indirect effect on yield as many as 8 exogenous variables. The result of technological gap revealed that the highest gap (60.75%) and the lowest gap (30.50%) was found in the knowledge of 'sucker' and in 'post harvest technology' respectively among the pineapple growers. The farmers have shown maximum interest (rank-I) for training on 'improved cultural practices' (59.66%) and minimum interest (rank-X) on 'cropping system' (45.86%) in pineapple cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]