Search

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae), commonly known in Mexico as 'chilcuage' or 'chilcuan', is widely used as an analgesic and anesthetic agent. Affinin, the major metabolite of this plant, and the ethanol extract of the plant have shown antinociceptive properties in mice. H. longipes plant produces a complex mixture of antioxidant chlorophylls and polyamines as well as a number of possible antimutagens. Objective: The current study evaluated the potential utilization of the natural product affinin isolated from H. longipes ethanol extract as an antimutagenic and possibly anticarcinogenic agent. Materials and methods: The Ames assay was used to assess the mutagenic properties of affinin (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/plate) that was added to several mutagens with or without S9 metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains). Results: Heliopsis longipes extract and affinin were not toxic as a reduction in the number of His+ revertant bacteria colonies. Affinin (25 and 50 µg/plate) significantly reduced the frameshift mutations that were generated by 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) (40%) and reduced the oxidative DNA damage generated by norfloxacin (NOR) (37-50%). Affinin possessed antioxidant properties that were able to reduce 2AA- and NOR-induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA102, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Affinin, the principal metabolite of H. longipes, is not mutagenic and possesses antimutagenic activity. These plants are currently used to treat some pain symptoms in Mexico; and antimutagen activity determined could be important to treat some pain symptoms related to antiradical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety has acquired great attention by food importer and exporters. Food rejection or acceptance across international borders is based on the compliance with international food regulations. Due to the lack of recent data on pesticide residues in Mexican grains, this study focused on detecting and quantifying insecticide residues in stored wheat, corn, chickpeas, and beans, as well as to determine their mutagenic potential. Grains were sampled from primary storage sites in Sonora, Mexico. Malathion, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD and 4,4-DDT were analyzed in 135 samples. Grain samples were not mutagenic and most pesticide levels were within regulation limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present work was undertaken to determine safety parameters of selected Mexican medicinal plants chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance. The medicinal herbs included Amphipteryngium adstringens, Hintonia standleyana, Hintonia latiflora, Piper sanctum, Haemathoxylon brasiletto, Iostephane heterophylla, Valeriana procera, Arracacia tolucensis, Brickellia veronicaefolia, Scaphyglottis livida, Exostema caribaeum, Hippocratea excelsa, Ligusticum porteri, Poliomintha longiflora and Gnaphalium sp. In the acute toxicity studies in mice performed according to the Lorke procedure, Exostema caribaeum, Hippocratea excelsa, Ligusticum porteri and Poliomintha longiflora were the most toxic with LD50 values between 1085 and 2mg/kg. The Ames test revealed that Gnaphalium sp. and Valeriana procera extracts induced mutations of S. typhimurium TA98 with or without the S9 microsomal fraction, and TA100 in the presence of the enzymatic fraction, respectively. The tincture of Valeriana procera, however, was non-mutagenic. Finally, in the Artemia salina lethality test Brickellia veronicaefolia, Arracacia tolucensis, Poliomintha longiflora and Piper sanctum caused significant mortality of the crustacean larvae with LC50 in the range of 37–227μg/mL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Casiopeinas is the generic name of a group of copper chelated complexes designed to be used as antineoplastic. Some of these compounds have shown promising results, and in fact, one of them named Casiopeina III-ia has completed preclinical trials and is ready to start clinical phase I in Mexico. As part of the tests that have to be done to every molecule intended to be used in humans, bacterial assays are required because of their sensitivity, speed and reproducibility and among them, Ames test and the SOS Chromotest are widely used to evaluate DNA damage. With the aim to contribute to complete safety information related to genotoxicity and support the hypothesis about their mode of action, four different Casiopeinas (Cas II-gly, Cas III-Ea, Cas III-ia and Cas III-Ha) were tested for genotoxicity with these assays, as well as differential cytotoxicity upon Escherichia coli mutants defectives in some DNA repair mechanisms. However, although it is well known that these molecules produce DNA breakage, the results of the Chromotest and Ames test were negative. Despite this is controversial, a possible explanation is that there is a direct interaction between DNA and the Casiopeinas tested., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)