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The objective of this article is to estimate the relative weight of socioeconomic, academic and cultural factors in the learning disadvantages of indigenous elementary students in Mexico. To this end, hierarchical linear and Oaxaca-Blinder models were specified to analyze and decompose the learning gap between indigenous and non-indigenous students, on the basis of microdata from the National Plan for Learning Assessment (PLANEA) 2015. The main results are 1) beyond individual differences, many of these differences are explained by the percentage of indigenous students in schools (the compositional effect); 2) these differences are greatly reduced when socioeconomic and academic factors are controlled for (especially the former); and 3) although socioeconomic factors account for most of the gap, students' academic trajectories and the characteristics of the schools they attend take on greater relevance in explaining differences in mathematics and the specific disadvantage experienced by students who learned an indigenous language first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze a set of hypotheses derived from Bourdieu's and Passeron's theory of reproduction, to explain the inequalities of learning in Spanish at the elementary level in Mexico. The hypotheses refer to the role of cultural capital, educational resources, students' academic aspirations, and the family's educational practices. My starting point is the general thesis that certain specific characteristics of Mexico's society and educational system constitute a scenario that is less favorable for the theory of reproduction, and more favorable for a situation I refer to as "limited educational mobility". The study results support this thesis; they emphasize, however, the persistence of still unexplained structural effects on learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la calidad de la educación básica en México. Los autores comentan sobre los desafíos asociados con la falta de mejora de la calidad de educación, incluyendo factores económicos, sociales y políticos. También se considera el impacto de la violencia, la pobreza y la desigualdad en la sociedad mexicana.

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Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)