Search

Objective. To compare vaccination coverage and associated factors in children under five years in Mexico, according to data from the 2021-2023 Continuous National Health and Nutrition Survey (2021-2023 Continuous Ensanut) and the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012 Ensanut). Materials and methods. Prevalence analysis of the vaccination status of Mexican children was estimated from data recorded in the vaccination record or any other probatory document obtained from either survey. If the administration of the immunogen complied with the recommendations of time intervals between doses and minimum and maximum age of administration recommended by the National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, the doses were considered valid, and the participant was included in the analyses. Results. In children under five, 2021-2023, Continuous Ensanut vaccination coverage of BCG, hepatitis-B, polio/DPT, antipneumococcal, anti-rotavirus, and triple viral vaccines was 86.5, 63.7, 68.9, 86.6, 81.3, and 71.3%, respectively. At one and two years of age, 45.6 and 32.4% had received the complete scheme, respectively. From 2012 to 2021-2023, vaccination coverage with BCG, hepatitis B, and polio/DPT decreased, and those of pneumococcus and rotavirus increased. Conclusion. In 2021-2023, the vaccination coverage indicator (95%) was not reached for any vaccine investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In 2007, Mexico switched pertussis vaccines from whole-cell (wP) to acellular (aP). • There was increased pertussis notifications over the period 2000–2019 in Mexico. • Effectiveness was comparable (>95%) for 3 and 4 doses of wP and aP vaccines. • Vaccine coverage was >90% for dose 1, but decreased for each subsequent dose. • There is high protection against pertussis in children up to 4 years in Mexico. The national immunization program in Mexico includes a 3-dose primary series of pertussis vaccine and a toddler booster dose. In Mexico, whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) were switched in 2007 to acellular pertussis vaccines (aP). This retrospective study using Mexican National Databases of Health and population surveillance (2000–2019) assessed the incidence of pertussis, infant pertussis vaccination coverage, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against clinically-diagnosed and/or laboratory-confirmed pertussis in children aged 6.5–18.5 or 24.5 months for the primary series, and children aged 18.5 or 24.5–48.5 months for the toddler booster. The incidence of pertussis sharply increased in 2012 and was highest in 2012, 2015, and 2016 (0.84–0.94/100,000 person-years). Coverage was highest for the first dose in the primary series, decreasing for each subsequent dose. The VE against notified pertussis was 96.4% (95% CI: 94.7, 97.6) for the first three doses of wP vaccine (2000–2007) and 95.7% (95% CI: 95.1, 96.2) for the first three doses of aP vaccine (2008–2019). Our findings suggested high levels of vaccine effectiveness overall were achieved for the aP and wP vaccines in Mexico between 2000 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the coverage of lung cancer in Mexico and offer recommendations in this regard. Materials and methods. By means of the conformation of a multidisciplinary group, we analyze the burden of the disease relative to the lung cancer and the access to the medical treatment offered by the different public health subsystems in Mexico. Results. Important inequalities in lung cancer care are documented among the different public health subsystems. Our data suggest differential access and coverage to both traditional treatments and existing therapeutic innovations and differences in the capacity of health service providers to guarantee the right to health protection without distinction. Conclusions. Recommendations are made on the need to improve actions for tobacco control, early diagnosis for lung cancer and inclusion of innovative therapies and homologation among different public health service providers through financing via tobacco taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dasometric analysis of three Cordia dodecandra A. DC. plantations under different types of management at Xmatkuil, Yucatan was undertaken. The plantations were nine years old. Height, bole and DBH were measured. Coverage and quality of the trunks of all individuals of each plantation were assessed. Log quality of the trunk was evaluated comparing digital images obtained from the trunk of each tree with the quality rating scale for trunks assigning a number from 1-6 depending upon the straightness of the trunk of each tree. With the data obtained, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to see if there were significant differences in the variables height, bole and diameter at breast height (DBH) considering coverage as an auxiliary explanatory variable. The nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis analysis was utilized for the statistical analysis of trunk quality. The MANCOVA indicated significant differences in height, bole and DBH in the three plantations. Likewise, the Kruskal-Wallis test with p-value ≤ 0,05 indicated significant differences. Results demonstrated how management influences the growth of C. dodecandra. These results provide information necessary for the future establishment of agroforestry plantations as well as for taking adequate decisions for the sustainable management of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate vaccination coverage in adults 20 years of age and older. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Results. Among adults 20-59 years old coverage with complete scheme, measles and rubella (MR) and tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid (Td) was 44.7,49. and 67.3%, respectively. Coverage and percentage of vaccination were significantly higher among women than men. Among women 20-49 years coverages with complete scheme, MR and Td were 48.3, 53.2 and 69.8%, respectively. Among adults 60-64 years old, coverage with complete scheme, Td and influenza vaccine were 46.5, 66.2 and 56.0%, respectively. Among adults >65 years coverages for complete scheme, Td, influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine were 44.0, 69.0, 63.3 and 62.0%, respectively. Conclusion. Vaccination coverage among adult population as obtained from vaccination card or self-report is below optimal values although data may be underestimated. Recommendations for improvements are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the distribution of social food assistance programs in Mexico. Materials and methods. Information about 36 150 households from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) was included. The distribution of the social assistance food programs by characteristics as rural/urban locality, country region, ethnicity, socioeconomic level and nutritional status was observed. Results. At the national level, food assistance programs with the greater coverage are Oportunidades (reaching 18.8% of the population), Liconsa (milk distribution, 9.7%) and School Breakfasts (12.2%). The program that assists in the best way the target population is Oportunidades, where 75% of its beneficiaries belong to the "low" and "lower" socioeconomic levels, in contrast to Liconsa and School Breakfasts programs, where only 42% and 55% of the beneficiaries are in such levels, respectively. Conclusion. Current focus and application of the food assistance programs must be adjusted under the perspective of wellness, health and nutrition of the children population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors study the organization of the Instituto de Education Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMSDF) an educational institution created by the Mexico City's city hall, aiming to offer this kind of education to students of humble origins. Pre-university education has recently gotten a particular attention in Mexico, both from the federal government and from local governments, by means of reform projects, increasing funding and changes in organizational patterns. Without this support it would be difficult to remove the obstacles preventing the inclusion of a greater number of students in higher education institutions, which in turn would impede the country's shift towards knowledge society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Worksites have been considered a propitious environment for promoting health. In 2005, an integrated preventive care (IPC) system was implemented in Mexico consisting of health promotion and disease prevention interrelated activities, delivered on a single visit and on location. This project contributes relevant information on IPC coverage and its degree of effectiveness on providing health promotion services to workers at high-risk worksites. Methods: There were included 68 worksites particularly affected by high fatal and nonfatal injury rates; the target population comprised 45,724 workers. Coverage referred to the completion of IPC actions within the last year, and effectiveness was defined as the extent to which an observed IPC coverage came close to an ideal IPC coverage. Means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for given estimates. Results and conclusions: Overall IPC mean coverage effectiveness was 61.2% (95% CI 60.8–61.6), a value below satisfactory range limits. Results broken down by sex and age showed higher mean coverage effectiveness for adult working men than adult working women ( p < 0.0001). Promotion of reproductive health was the IPC process with the lowest mean coverage effectiveness (51.8%; 95% CI 50.8–52.7), followed by the disease detection process (59.0%; 95% CI 58.4–59.6) and the disease prevention and control process (61.0%; 95% CI 60.5–61.5). Maintaining the health of the workforce poses a significant challenge for health services. Therefore, analysis of coverage effectiveness represents a useful tool for evaluating and reorganizing preventive medicine care at worksites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess changes in the prevalence of de-pressive symptoms (DS) and in detection and treatment coverage between 2006 and 2018, and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with the latter., Materials and Methods: We used data from the Ensanut 2006, 2012, 2018-19, 100k. We used logistic regression to explore demographic factors associated with coverage of detection and treatment of depression., Results: The prevalence of DS was respectively: 15.4, 13.7, 13.6 and 15.0%. Living in munici-palities with a very high and high degree of marginalization was associated with less coverage of detection and treatment of depression., Conclusions: This work provides evidence on the gaps that exist in access to mental health services between regions and different levels of marginalization and highlights the need to direct efforts to increase access to health services that allow timely diagnosis and treatment of DS and depression., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Objective: To describe the coverage and targeting of Social Food Assistance Programs (SFAP) in Mexico., Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from 9 137 households of the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 (Ensanut MC 2016) who receive SFAP. The distribution of the SFAP by place of residence, index of socioeconomic status and SFAP relevance were analyzed., Results: 44% of households receive some SFAP, with a higher concentration in indigenous households (70%), a very low socioeconomic level (70%), and moderate and severe food insecurity. The SFAP with the greatest coverage were Prospera (21%), Liconsa (9%), School Breakfasts Program (17%) and the Support Program for Older Adults; of these the best-focused program was Prospera., Conclusions: It is necessary to review the resources of the programs and direct them to the population with greater deficiencies and greater nutritional vulnerability., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.